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VT166 | Hematology > Leukocytes | White Blood Cells > Flashcards

Leukocytes | White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophils (Segs) are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A

Dark, dense nucleus that can be any shape
with a Clear cytoplasm.
May have light pink dust like granuals

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2
Q

are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A

Neutrophils (Segs)

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3
Q

Band Neutrophils are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A
  • Horseshoe shaped nucleus
  • Smooth margins to nucleus, any indentation must be less than 1/3 the width of nucleus
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4
Q

Lymphocytes are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A

Large, round, dense nucleus
Round cell
Little cytoplasm, blue cytoplasm

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5
Q

Immunocytes are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A

Larger cell, more cytoplasm
Dark blue edge to membrane

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6
Q

Monocytes are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A

Large cell
Lacy nucleus (can be any shape)
Blue gray cytoplasm
Can have vacuoles

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7
Q

Band Neutrophils are?

A

Immature Neutrophils pushed into circulation prematurely

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8
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Lymphocyte

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9
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Lymphocyte

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10
Q

Immunocytes are?

A

Antigenically stimulated lymphocyte

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11
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Immunocytes

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12
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Immunocyte

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13
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Monocyte

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14
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Monocyte

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15
Q

Eosinophils are visually distinct during a differential by their?

A
  • Granules some shade of red
  • Can see light through granules
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16
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Eosinophil

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17
Q

Name the White Blood Cell:

A

Eosinophil

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18
Q

Define: Antigen (Ag)

A

substance that elicits (triggers) specific immune response when present in the body

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19
Q

Define: Antibody (Ab)

A

– specialized protein produced in response to an Antigen (Ag) - gamma globulins (immunoglobulins )

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20
Q

Antibody IgG, IgM protect against?

A

bacteria, viruses

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21
Q

Antibody IgE protect against?

A

– allergic responses

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22
Q

Antibody IgA protect against?

A

protect GI, urogenital, & respiratory tracts

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23
Q

Antibody IgD protect against?

A

present on the surface of some lymphocytes (B-lymphs) which initiate a humoral immune response

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24
Q

lymphocytes (B- lymphs) role in immunity is?

A

initiate humoral immune response

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25
Q

Neutrophils function are?

A
  • First line of defense against infection by migrating to any area invaded by bacteria
  • Can also break down necrotic tissue
  • Highly phagocytic and motile
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26
Q

Average transit time for neutrophils in blood is?

A

10 hours

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27
Q

All neutrophils are replaced every?

A

about 2.5/day

28
Q

Neutrophils move from ______ into _____ Once in tissues, cannot come back into _____ . & are lost where?

A

Neutrophils move from the bloodstream into the tissues & Once in the tissues they cannot come back into the blood stream. Lost in secretions, excretions through mucous membranes

29
Q

Eosinophils function are?

A
  • Ingest products of Ab/Ag reactions
  • Attracted by & inhibit allergic/anaphylactic reactions
  • Anti-parasitic
  • Phagocytic
  • Bactericidal
  • Normally scarce in blood stream but will see an Increase during parasitic infections & hypersensitivity (allergic reactions)
30
Q

Basophils function are?

A

Role in immunity unclear
Release Histamine & Heparin

31
Q

Lymphocytes function are?

A
  • Main function is immunity
  • Lymphocytes can form hundreds of different types of sensitized lymphocytes and antibodies. Each type is specific for a particular antigen and is capable of multiplying into large numbers of clones when excited by that antigen.
  • Antigens stimulate B-lymphocytes to divide and/or transform into cells that produce immunoglobulins (Ab)
32
Q

What are the two type of Lymphocytes?

A
  1. T-Lymph Cells
  2. B-Lymph Cells
33
Q

What are T Lymphocytes (T Cells)?

A

Cell Mediated Immunity. “Free Floating”
- Has antigens receptors on surface of their body cells that allow them to give specific immune response to INTRACELLULAR phase of viral infection,fungi, parasites, bacteria.
- Does NOT secrete antibodies.
- Will lyse or kill body cells to get to the infection.
- They attract neutrophils to phagocyte the dead cells.

34
Q

What are B Lymphocytes (B Cells)?

A

Humoral immunity
- Deal with antibodies that are free floating in the EXTRACELLULAR fluid blood, plasma, and lymph
- Produces antibodies & release them into blood and lymph against various of antigens
- Specific immune resistance to most bacteria, extracellular phase of viral infections
- Antibodies produced by plasma cells circulate as what are now called free gamma globulin that are essentially plasma proteins
- Some B cells divide into memory cells

35
Q

About what percent of lymphocytes are seen in the blood stream?

A

10%

36
Q

The majority of Lymphocytes seen on a blood smear are?

A

T cells since they are free floating

37
Q

T Cells travel via the?

A

Bloodstream to the thymus gland where they mature & are introduced to “self” & sent back into the bloodstream to hangout & wait for antigens

38
Q

B cells travel via?

A

The bloodstream to the liver, spleen & lymph nodes where they mature & stay.

39
Q

The average transient time for Lymphocytes in the blood?

A

30 mins.

40
Q

Where are Increased numbers of lymphocytes seen?

A

in the lymph nodes & spleen

41
Q

What are Monocytes function?

A

Eat all the big chunky stuff
- Phagocytosis and digestion of particulate and cellular debris.

42
Q

What are produced by Monocytes?

A
  1. Interferon Proteins
  2. Transferrin Proteins
43
Q

What is Interferon?

A

A protein produced by Monocytes when the body is exposed to viral antigens & has Ant-Tumor qualities.

44
Q

What is Transferrin?

A

∆ A protein produced by monocytes that transport Iron

45
Q

monocyte blood transit time is?

A

24-36 hours

46
Q

What are Macrophages? & there function?

A

∆Large phagocytic cells.
∆Monocytes that have left the blood vessels and entered the tissues where they grew very large in size.
Function:
∆ Ingest bacteria and other foreign substances

47
Q

What percentage of Neutrophils are seen in Dogs?

A

60-70%

48
Q

What percentage of Lymphocytes are seen in Dogs?

A

10-40%

49
Q

What percentage of Eosinophils are seen in Dogs?

A

0-10%

50
Q

What percentage of Monocytes are seen in Dogs?

A

0-10%

51
Q

What percentage of Basophils are seen in Dogs?

A

Rare

52
Q

What percentage of Neutrophils are seen in Feline?

A

60-70%

53
Q

What percentage of Lymphocytes are seen in Feline?

A

10-40%

54
Q

What percentage of Eosinophils are seen in Feline?

A

0-10%

55
Q

What percentage of Monocytes are seen in Feline?

A

0-10%

56
Q

What percentage of Basophils are seen in Feline?

A

Rare

57
Q

What percentage of Neutrophils are seen in Equine?

A

60-70%

58
Q

What percentage of Lymphocytes are seen in Equine?

A

10-40%

59
Q

What percentage of Eosinophils are seen in Equine?

A

0-10%

60
Q

What percentage of Monocytes are seen in Equine?

A

0-10%

61
Q

What percentage of Basophils are seen in Equine?

A

Rare. Besides in old horses

62
Q

What percentage of Neutrophils are seen in Bovine?

A

10-40%

63
Q

What percentage of Lymphocytes are seen in Bovine?

A

60-70%

64
Q

What percentage of Eosinophils are seen in Bovine?

A

0-10%

65
Q

What percentage of Monocytes are seen in Bovine?

A

0-10%

66
Q

What percentage of Basophils are seen in Bovine?

A

Rare

VT166 | Hematology (13 decks)

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