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HEMA LEC 1 > Leukocytes: The Granulocytic, Monocytic, and Lymphoid Series > Flashcards

Leukocytes: The Granulocytic, Monocytic, and Lymphoid Series Flashcards

LESSON 8

1
Q

Able to move into and out of blood vessels

A

Diapedesis

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2
Q

Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues

A

Chemotaxis

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3
Q

Has amoeboid motility, able to escape or move from tissue to circulating blood

A

Leukocytes

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4
Q
  • Lighter than RBC and tend to accumulate at the periphery of flowing blood
    adjacent to the lining cell of the blood vessel.
A

Leukocytes

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5
Q

Can be found in all body fluids such as ________, _______, ________, ___________, ________ from the genital tract.

A

sweat, synovia, pancreatic juices,
feces, urine, and secretions

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6
Q
  • Requires folic acid for normal maturation.
A

Leukocytes

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7
Q

Types of Leukocytes
Can be divided into:
1.
2.
3.

A
  • Granulocytic
  • Monocytic
  • Lymphoid
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8
Q

Lymphocytes are composed of _____________ and ____________

A

glycogen and acid phosphatase

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9
Q

Lymphocytes Contain _________, ________, ________, _______

A

alkaline phosphate, dipeptidase, oxidase and peroxidase

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10
Q
  • Process glucose by aerobic glycolysis producing lactic acid
A

Granulocytes

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11
Q
  • _________are more abundant than granulocytes
A

Lysosomes

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12
Q
  • Contains large amounts of RNA and DNA
A

Plasma cells

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13
Q
  • Responsible for manufacturing antibodies
A

Plasma cells

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14
Q
  • A few hours in the blood
A
  • Lymphocytes
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14
Q
  • T lymphocytes 100-200 days
A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q
  • Unknown for they always wander back and forth between tissue and the blood
A

monocytes

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16
Q
  • Several days when not needed in the tissue (peripheral blood)
A

Granulocyte

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17
Q

Granulocyte

________ hours during serious tissue infection
_________ hours on average when the tissues circulate

A

2-3 hours
14 hours

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18
Q
  • Movement of WBC where it can squeeze through tissues
A

Diapedesis

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19
Q
  • Unidirectional movement of the tissues
A
  • Amoeboid Motion
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20
Q
  • Ability of the EBC to move towards or away from the source of chemical substances
A

Chemotaxis

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21
Q

WBCs are attracted toward the source

A

POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS

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22
Q

WBCs are repelled from the source of the chemicals

A

NEGATIVE CHEMOTAXIS

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23
Q
  • Ingestion of particular matter by cells
A
  • Phagocytosis
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24
Q

Steps: “ICED”

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Chemotaxis
  3. Engulfment
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25
Q

neutrophil with bacteria inside

A

Phagosome

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26
Q

phagosome + lysosomal granules

A

Phagolysosome

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27
Q

– inability to respond to chemotactic factor
– faulty granules + impaired killing.

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)

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28
Q
  • Appears during the promyelocytic stage
A
  1. Primary Granules
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29
Q

Membrane-bound lysosomes which contain acid hydrolase that digest phagocytized
intracellular

A
    1. Primary Granules
30
Q

Oxygen through the action of NAPH/ oxidase will form into superoxidase which become hydrogen peroxide which combines with myeloperoxidase kill cause
bacteria killing.

A

Metabolic Respiratory Bust

31
Q
  • Appear during an early myelocytic stage.
A
    1. Secondary Granules
32
Q

Iron-binding glycoprotein that competes with bacteria for iron-inhibiting growth.

A

LACTOFERRIN:

33
Q
  • Promotes adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells.
A

LACTOFERRIN:

34
Q
  • Less dense than secondary granules
  • Appears during the late myelocytic stage
A
    1. Tertiary Granules
35
Q
  • Used to measure cytoplasmic granularity.
A
  • Right Angle Scatter in a Laser Based Cell Counting System:
36
Q
  • Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
  • Secretes lysozyme and pyrogen (fever)
A
  1. NEUTROPHILS
37
Q
  • Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
  • Anti-inflammatory cells- secretes histamines, prevents basophil/ mast
    cell degranulation
  • Defense against helminthic parasites
  • Secretes plasminogen
A
  1. EOSINOPHILS
38
Q
  • Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
  • Immediate hypersensitivity reaction (have receptors for IgE)
  • Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
  • Synthesis of histamine, anaphylaxis, and platelet aggregation factor
A
  1. BASOPHILS
39
Q
  • Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
  • Secretes transferrin, interferon, lysozyme, and pyrogen
  • Acts as feeder cells, supplying iron to young RBC during erythropoiesis
  • Integral in cellular and humoral immunity
  • Removes senescent cells
  • Antigen presentation
A

MONOCYTES

40
Q

cells mediated immunity, delayed hypersensitivity, graft rejection, GVH disease, and defense against neoplasm

A

T CELLS

41
Q

: humoral immunity, produces antibodies after
transforming into a plasma cell

A

B CELLS

42
Q
  • Antibody formation and secretion
  • Part of the antigen-antibody quartet (lymphocytes, eosinophils, Plasma,
    monocytes)
A
  1. PLASMA CELLS
43
Q

The maturational development from myeloblast through the myelocyte stage
and mitotic division occurs in a ________________

A

proliferative compartment.

44
Q
  • First identifiable cell in the granulocytic series
  • constitute approximately 1% of the total nucleated bone marrow cells
  • Lasts approximately 15 hours
A

MYELOBLAST

45
Q

Earliest recognizable precursor under 4 granulocytes.

A

MYELOBLAST

46
Q
  • Constitutes approximately 3% of the nucleated bone marrow cells.
  • Lasts about 24 hours
A

PROMYELOCYTE

47
Q

Appearance of primary or non specific granules
Normally slightly larger than its precursor

A

PROMYELOCYTE

48
Q
  • Myelocyte to metamyelocyte lasts an average of 4.3 Days
A

MYELOCYTE

49
Q
  • Approximately 12% of the proliferative cells existing in this stage
A

MYELOCYTE

50
Q

The SEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS in the MATURATION STORAGE COMPARTMENT are referred to as
_________________

A

Marrow serve

51
Q

The peripheral blood circulation is subsequently divided into two pools of
equal size
1.
2.

A
  • CIRCULATING POOL
  • MARGINAL POOL
52
Q
  • EOSINOPHILS

Main function:
Secondary:

A

Kill parasites
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

53
Q
  • Hereditary hypo-segmentation
  • Benign anomaly of neutrophils where the nucleus fails to segment properly thus the cell
    presents with a bilobed nuclei.
A
  1. “PELGER-HUET ANOMALY”
54
Q

pelger huet anomaly
Associated Conditions:

A

Associated Conditions:
Myelofibrosis
Pelger-Huet anomaly (autosomal dominant)

55
Q

hereditary hyper-segmentation, (more than 5 lobes)
- Abnormality in the maturation of the neutrophils (DNA synthesis) that leads to the
presence of 6 or more lobed nuclei.

A
  1. UNDRITZ ANOMALY –
56
Q
  • Composed of mRNA
  • Gray-blue spindle-shaped inclusions in
    phagocytes
A
  1. MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY
57
Q
  • Abnormally large azurophilic granules
    resembling severe toxic granules
A
  1. ALDER-REILLY ANOMALY
58
Q
  • Large, abnormal cytoplasmic granules in
    phagocytes
  • Defective chemotaxis
A
  1. CHEDIAK-HIGASHI CELL
59
Q
  • Largest cell in the PBS
A
  • MONOCYTES
60
Q

w/ increased monocytosis:

A

M. tuberculosis

61
Q

w/o increased monocytosis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

62
Q
  • most abundant cell in the body
  • Seen anywhere in the body
A

MACROPHAGE

63
Q

Liver: _____________

A

Kuppfer cells

64
Q

Brain:_______________

A

Microglial cells

65
Q

Lungs: _______________

A

Alveolar macrophage- aka dust cell

66
Q

Skin: __________________

A

Langerhans cells

67
Q

Bone: __________________

A

Osteoclast

68
Q

Kidneys: _____________________

A

Messangial

69
Q

Spleen: ___________________

A

Littoral cell

70
Q

Connective tissue: ___________________

A

Histioytes

71
Q

Placenta: __________________

A

Hoff baeur cells

72
Q
A

HEMA LEC 1 (4 decks)

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