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MD1S1: Physiology 201 > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of WBCs?

A

Defend the body by:
* Phagocytosis
* Producing antibodies

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2
Q

Amount of WBCs in blood

A

4000 –11,000 WBCs/µl of blood or /mm3

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3
Q

What are the classifications of WBCs?

A

Granulocytes: BEN
* Basophils
* Eosinophils
* Neutrophils

Agranulocytes: MonoLymph
* Monocytes
* Lymphocytes

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4
Q

Percentages of each types of leukocyte

A
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5
Q

Characteristics of neutrophils

A

Defend against bacterial infections by phagocytosis

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6
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils and when does the number of eosinophils increase?

A

Weak phagocytes.
Eosinophilia: increase in number of eosinophils occurs when:
* Parasitic infections: attach to parasites and release substances which kill them
* Allergic conditions: detoxify inflammation inducing substances released during allergic reactions

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7
Q

Characteristics of basophils

A

Form and store histamine and heparin
Essential in allergic reactions

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8
Q

What are the types of lymphocytes?

A

B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes

Lifespan ~ 100-300 days

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9
Q

What are the functions of B-lymphocytes?

A

Produce antibodies (humoral immunity)
Differentiate into plasma cells which can produce antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD)

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10
Q

What are the functions of T-lymphocytes?

A

Destroy the target cell (Cell mediated immune response)

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11
Q

Characteristics of monocytes

A

Formed in the bone marrow and enter circulation
Diffuse into tissues and differentiate into tissue macrophages which continue to mature and enlarge

Can differentiate into Kupffer cells of the liver, pulmonary alveolar macrophages and microglia in the brain

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12
Q

Which leukocytes are involved in inflammation?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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13
Q

What is the function of macrophages in inflammation?

A

Tissue macrophages enlarge after activation by products of infection and inflammation and form the first line of defense

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14
Q

What is the function of neutrophils in inflammation?

A

First hour of inflammation: Neutrophils begin invading the inflamed area from the blood. This invasion is caused by inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1).

Several hours after: Area becomes well supplied with neutrophils. Blood neutrophils are already mature cells - they begin killing bacteria & removing foreign matter.

Few hours after the onset of acute severe inflammation, the number of neutrophils in the blood sometimes increases (Neutrophilia)

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15
Q

How does pus form?

A

Pus is formed from necrotic tissue, tissue fluid, dead neutrophils and dead macrophages after engulfing large numbers of bacteria

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16
Q

How does phagocytosis take place?

A

Neutrophils attach to the bacterium and pseudopodia surround it
Bacterium enters the phagosome (vacuole)
Lysosomes and hydrogen peroxide are discharged into the phagosome

17
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Decreased number of WBCs due to bone marrow depression, AIDS and use of immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids, cyclosporine & azathioprine)

18
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

Mild increase in the number of WBCs with infections

19
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Malignant increase in number of WBCs (can reach 100,000/mm3)

20
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

An increase in number of neutrophils, usually due to bacterial infection, inflammation or tissue damage (myocardial infarction)

21
Q

What is eosinophilia?

A

Increase in eosinophils in allergic conditions (e.g., asthma and urticaria), and parasitic infection

22
Q

What is basophilia?

A

Increase in basophils during allergic reactions

23
Q

What is monocytosis?

A

Increase in monocytes during chronic bacterial infection and malaria

24
Q

What is lymphocytosis?

A

Increase in lymphocytes during viral diseases, and in chronic bacterial infections

25
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Decreased neutrophil count due to bone marrow depression

26
Q

What is agranulocytosis?

A

Bone marrow stops production of WBCs

MD1S1: Physiology 201 (13 decks)

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