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HB2 > Leukocyte Structure and Function > Flashcards

Leukocyte Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Which cell lineage do Leukocytes originate from?

A

Both myeloid and lymphoid progenitors

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2
Q

Activation of Leukocyte

A

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from an extracellular signal

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3
Q

CD

Cluster of Differentiation

A

Cell surface markers
Over 350
Enable identification of functional subsets

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4
Q

Myeloid Cell Line

A

First line of defense against pathogens and tissue damage
Include inflammatory cells that regulate inflammatory response
Necessary for development of adaptive immune system

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5
Q

Most abundant leukocyte?

Least abundant leukocyte?

A 
Most = neutrophil 55-70%
Least = monocyte 3-8%
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6
Q

Neutrophils

PMNs

A 
Characteristic dark and light granules
Multi-lobed nucleus
phagocytotic and activator of bactericidal mechanisms
highly chemotactic
CHIEF CELL of ACUTE INFLAMMATION
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7
Q

PRR

A

Pattern Recognizing Receptors
Found on neutrophils and macrophages
Recognize PAMPs and DAMPs

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8
Q

How do neutrophils kill pathogen?

A

Intracellular killing:
phagocytosis followed by oxidative burst
phagosome fuses with lysosome
phagolysosome creates oxidative burst that creates reactive oxygen species.

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9
Q

Primary Granules of Neutrophils

A

Dark staining
Antimicrobial proteins and compounds
Fuse with endosomes and empty contents
Kill ingested bacteria

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10
Q

Secondary Granules of Neutrophils

A

Pale
Fuse with endosomes and trigger oxidative burst
Release contents EXTRACELLULARLY

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11
Q

Tertiary Granule of Neutrophils

A

Contain gelatinase (MMP-9) that breaks down ECM for migrating neutrophil

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12
Q

Difference between 1, 2, and 3rd granules of neutrophils?

A

Primary granule fuses with the endosome while 2 and 3rd granules are excreted

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13
Q

Oxidative Respiratory Burst

A

Increased O2 consumption
Production of O2 (-)
Production of H2O2 and other bactericidal ROS

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14
Q

Granules Specific to Primary and Secondary Granules

A

Primary: Myeloidperoxidase (MPO) and Sulfated PG

Secondary: Lactoferria, Collagenase, B12 binding protien

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15
Q

Major Enzyme of Oxidative Burst

A

NADPH oxidase
made up of 5 subunits (2 bound to membrane)
Found in secondary granule
Remains cytosolic until it is activated.
Converts O2 to O2(-)
Then superoxide dismutase converts ROS to H2O2

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16
Q

Myeloperoxidase

MPO

A

Only found in primary granule

converts H2O2 to hypochloric acid

17
Q

Catalase

A

Breaks down H2O2 to non-harmful H2O, O2

18
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Mutation in NADPH oxidase
In ability to form O2 (-) from O2
Inhibits oxidative burst

19
Q

Eosinophils

A

Kiling of antibody-coated parasites

Primarily tissue resident cells

20
Q

Basophils

A

(similar to mast cells)
Release granules containing histamine (both mast and basophils)
Circulating cell (mast cells are resident)
Circulate as mature cells
Source of blood histamine

21
Q

Monocytes

A

Enter tissue to become resident macrophages
Patrol circulation for sites of injury/ infection
Both inflammatory (CD14+) and repairative (CD16+)
Biphasic response to infection

22
Q

Macrophage

A

Derived from circulating monocyte
APC cell with phagocytic and bactericidal mechanism
Scavengers, Secretory Cells, Regulators and APCs

23
Q

Difference between macrophages and neutrophils

A

Mac are long lived, self replicating and adaptive with modest metabolic burst

Neuts hour life span, have single function, accumulate quickly then die, strong metabolic burst

24
Q

Where does leukocyte Trafficking occur?

A

Capillary beds

25
Q

Signs of Inflammation

A

Redness, swelling, heat, pain

26
Q

Control of Inflammation

A

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemokines expressed by ENDOTHELIAL cells and Leukocytes regulate migration into and out of tissues

27
Q

CAM family

A

Selectin binds to Mucin-Like CAMs (MLC)

Integrins bind to Ig-superfamily CAMs

28
Q

Leukocyte / Neutrophil Trafficking

A 
Tethering
Rolling
Activation
Adhesion
Diapedesis
Transversing Basal lamina
Migration through ECM
29
Q

Rolling

A

selectin mediated adhesion weakly adheres leukocyte to endothelial surface causing rolling like motion

30
Q

Activation

A

Chemokines secreted by endothelium signal through G Protein Coupled receptors
Integrins are activated (Inside-Out activation)
Binding causes conformational change of integrins

31
Q

Diapedesis

A

Leukocytes extedns across endothelial junctions and some through the cell.
Vascular integrity is maintained via zipper like mechanism

HB2 (14 decks)

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