Leukemia 6 Flashcards
Leukemia
malignant disorders
- mutation of multi-potential ( poly-potential) stem cells in BM
malignant/cancer cell proliferate in the bone marrow & replace normal bone marrow, then enter the peripheral blood & spread throughout the body ( metastasize )
- neoplastic (abnormal ) cells
important things to consider with leukemia
progression : acute or chronic
cell involvement : myeloid or lymphoid
percentage of blast cells in BM/ predominant site of involvement ( Blood and bone marrow vs tissue)
diagnostic tests for leukemia
- morpho;ogic findings
- cytochemical stains
- molecular tests
- flow cytometry
leukemia treatment type
- many leukemia have similar features; there are subtypes
- treatment depends on several factors including type of leukemia, celll involvment, phase of progression
- some are rapidly fatal if untreated
neoplasm
an abnormal tissue that grows more rapidly than normal ( benign or malignant)
malignancy
growth of one or more clones of abnormal cells which do not respond to normal control mechanisms & often stop growth of normal cells
Aleukemic leukemia
malignant cells are confined to BM & dont circulate
lymphoma
malignant cells are confined to lymphatic tissue producing solid lymphatic tumors
myeloid leukemias involve
granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes
acute leukemia
acute = >30% blasts in BM ; > 5% blasts in blood
FAB definition not WHO
Chronic leukemia
Chronic = < 30% blasts in BM; ≤ 5% blasts in blood
FAB
FAB = French - American - British classification of acute leukemias and
MDS according to morphologic criteria
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) or Dysmyelopoietic (DMP)
proliferative disorders of myeloid cells that have morphologic evidence
that leukemia may occur later
pre-leukemia
The syndrome may present for months or years before
developing into leukemia. Some reported manifestations of pre-leukemia are: severe IDA, hemolytic
anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia or aplastic anemia. Can lead to pancytopenia.
