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HEM Exam 2 > Leukemia > Flashcards

Leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

which can manifest clinically over weeks to months

A
  • AML - ALL
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2
Q

median age of diagnosis for CLL

A
  • 72
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3
Q

acute DIC and coagulopathy most commonly seen in

A
  • APL
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4
Q

ALL most commonly of which cell line

A
  • B cell
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5
Q

CD 19 and early 20s are which cell?

A
  • B cell
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6
Q

clinical manifestation of ALL

A
  • tumor lysis syndrome - lymph node involvement - mediastinal mass - CNS involvement - testicular involvement in males
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7
Q

stage 4 of Rai classification

A
  • lymphocytosis - thrombocytopenia
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8
Q

treatment related AML mostly due to

A
  • radiation therapy - chemo
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9
Q

morphology of the cells in CML

A
  • heterogenous
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10
Q

prognosis of high white blood count in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • bad
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11
Q

risk factors for ALL

A
  • prior radiation - prior chemo - familial syndromes
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12
Q

what kind of disorder is CML classified as

A
  • myeloproliferative
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13
Q

median survival of stage 2

A
  • 6 years
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14
Q

lab findings for CLL

A
  • leukocytosis - lymphocytosis - hypogammaglobulinemia - smudge cells
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15
Q

leukemias have what kind of involvement

A
  • significant peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement
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16
Q

CD 13 is which cell?

A
  • granulocyte
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17
Q

treatment of APL

A
  • all-trans retinoic acid (ALTRA) - induction chemo
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18
Q

which chromosome is the Philadelphia chromosome?

A
  • t(9;22) - 22 BCR/ABL is Ph
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19
Q

prognosis of (4;11) in what condition?

What is the prognosis?

A
  • ALL
  • poor
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20
Q

morphology of cells in ALL

A
  • homogenous lymphoblasts
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21
Q

which cell line of ALL has the worst prognosis

A
  • T cell
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22
Q

what test do you do after CML is identified?

A
  • quantitative PCR for the bcr/abl transcript
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23
Q

importance of malignant cells in chronic phase of CML

A
  • maintain ability to differentiate
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24
Q

stage 0 of Rai classification

A
  • lymphocytosis only
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25
Q

bone marrow aspirate for ALL

A
  • large cells - open chromatin - prominent nucleoli
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26
Q

prognosis of t(12;21) in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • good

JUST THINK THAT 12;21 IS HAPPY NUMBER BECAUSE IT GOES THE SAME WAY FORWARDS AS BACKWARDS

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27
Q

prognosis of hyperdiploidy in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • good
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28
Q

Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor of choice

A
  • imatinib
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29
Q

blast crisis can lead to

A
  • AML - ALL
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30
Q

which is the most common adult leukemia

A
  • CLL
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31
Q

prognosis of >10 years of age in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • bad
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32
Q

forward scatter in flow cytometry separates based on

A
  • size
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33
Q

bone marrow aspirate of CLL

A
  • variable involvement - loss of heterogeneity
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34
Q

t(15;17) in cytogenetics with AML (good/bad)

A
  • good
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35
Q

typical pattern on flow cytometry for CLL

A
  • mature B cell phenotype with CD5 and CD23 - light chain restricted
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36
Q

AML is a malignancy of

A
  • committed myeloid progenitor cell
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37
Q

treatment of CLL

A
  • not a curable diseases - treat only if symptoms present
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38
Q

prognosis of hypodiploidy in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • bad
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39
Q

common lab finding of CML

A
  • leukocytosis - neutrophilia - basophilia - eosinophilia
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40
Q

pathogenesis of CML

A
  • Philadelphia chromosome
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41
Q

stage 2 of Rai classification

A
  • lymphocytosis - splenomegaly
42
Q

what is the most frequent molecular abnormality in AML

A
  • FLT3
43
Q

being older and being diagnosed with AML (good/bad)

A
  • bad
44
Q

what genetic abnormality is most seen in APL

A
  • t(15;17) PML/RARa
45
Q

which are composed of lymphoid origin

A
  • ALL - CLL
46
Q

CD 33 is which cell?

A
  • myeloid
47
Q

t(9;22) in ALL

A
  • bad but does not independently drive disease
48
Q

treatment related AML (good/bad)

A
  • bad
49
Q

clonality of AML

A
  • clonal expansion of myeloid blasts
50
Q

which are composed of myeloid origin

A
  • AML - CML
51
Q

CLL is an incidental lab finding in what percentage of cases

A
  • 20%
52
Q

petechiae are present in

A
  • AML - ALL
53
Q

CD 1-8 is which cell?

A
  • T cell
54
Q

result of the Philadelphia chromosome

A
  • fusion protein with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity
55
Q

what is the acute presentation of ALL in teens?

A
  • mediastinal or soft tissue mass
56
Q

therapeutic options for CML

A
  • Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors - allogenic stem cell transplantation
57
Q

morphology of the cells in CLL

A
  • homogenous mature lymphocytes - smudge cells on smear
58
Q

stage 1 of Rai classification

A
  • lymphocytosis - lymphadenopathy
59
Q

morphology of cells in AML

A
  • homogenous myeloblasts - Auer rod
60
Q

CML tends to choose which pathway

A
  • myeloid
61
Q

side scatter in flow cytometry separates based on

A
  • complexity
62
Q

CD 15 is which cell?

A
  • granulocytic
63
Q

ALTRA moa

A
  • differentiating agent
64
Q

markers for ALL

A
  • CD19 - CD10 - TdT - no surface light chain
65
Q
  • which can manifest clinically over months to years
A
  • CLL - CML
66
Q

is AML curable

A
  • yes
67
Q

deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7 in AML (good/bad)

A
  • bad
68
Q

mediastinal or soft tissue mass presents in which cell line

A
  • T cell
69
Q

which is the most common cancer in children

A
  • ALL
70
Q

prognosis of <1 year of age in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • bad
71
Q

in ALL malignant cells lose

A
  • ability to differentiate
72
Q

ALL is a malignancy of

A
  • committed lymphoid progenitor cell - pre-T or pre-B
73
Q

low CD numbers are which cell?

A
  • T cell
74
Q

prognosis of t(9;22) in ALL (good/bad)

A
  • bad
75
Q

what is the median age of diagnosis of ALL

A
  • 11
76
Q

CLL stands for

A
  • chronic lymphocytic leukemia
77
Q

what percent of CML patients are asymptomatic

A
  • 20-40%
78
Q

bone marrow biopsy of AML

A
  • monotonous population of mononuclear cells
79
Q

in AML, malignant cells lose

A
  • the ability to differentiate
80
Q

prognosis of abnormal(11q23) in ALL

A
  • bad
81
Q

CML stands for

A
  • chronic myelogenous leukemia
82
Q

median survival of stage 1

A
  • 8 years
83
Q

stage 3 of Rai classification

A
  • lymphocytosis - anemia
84
Q

leukemias are diagnosed according to

A
  • prominent cell type involved - stage of maturation
85
Q

CD 34 is which cell?

A
  • stem cell
  • blast cell
86
Q

median survival of stage 3

A
  • 3 years
87
Q

peripheral blood in CML

A
  • numerous immature granulocytes - increased basophils
88
Q

CLL is a malignancy of

A
  • mature B cells
89
Q

definition of leukemias

A
  • neoplasms of hematopoietic cells
90
Q

what is an Aeur rod

A
  • pink needle in the cell
91
Q

best screening test for CML

A
  • fish
92
Q

AML arising from history of MDS or myeloproliferative disorder (good/bad)

A
  • bad
93
Q

what condition is also common in CLL

A
  • autoimmune hemolytic anemia
94
Q

immunophenotyping

A
  • identifying phenotype using fluorescently labelled antibodies
95
Q

treatment for AML

A
  • 7 days cytarabine - 3 days daunorubicin, idarubicin
96
Q

bone marrow aspirate in CML

A
  • hypercellular - increased M:E
97
Q

median survival of stage 0

A
  • > 15 years
98
Q

familial syndromes seen in what condition?

what are these syndromes?

A
  • ALL
  • down syndrome - neurofibromatosis - bloom syndrome - ataxia telangiectasia
99
Q

median survival of stage 4

A
  • 2 years
100
Q

% of bone marrow blasts in AML

A
  • >20%
101
Q

CD 14 is which cell?

A
  • monocytic

HEM Exam 2 (11 decks)

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