Leukaemia and Lymphoma Flashcards
Reed-Sternberg cells are also known as what cells?
In which condition are they present in?
Reed-Sternberg cells are also known as lacunar histiocytes (for certain types). They are multi-nucleated giant cells.
They are seen in Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Which condition has a high percentage of patients (80%) with the Philadelphia chromosome?
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia.
How is AML diagnosed?
Bone marrow biopsy.
What is the condition indicated if Auer rods are found in cells during microscopy?
Auer rods are diagnostic of AML, as they are commonly present in malignant myeloid cells.
What is a common cause (or a common risk factor) of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
EBV.
Other risk factors include: HIV/AIDS or FHx of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
What is the hallmark of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?
Accumulation of B cells that have escaped programmed cell death and undergone cell-cycle arrest at G0-G1 phase.
What does CLL commonly presents with?
Hepatosplenomegaly and multiple enlarged rubbery non-tender lymph nodes.
What does CML commonly presents with?
Splenomegaly
What does low grade lymphoma and high grade lymphoma means?
Low grade refers to slow growing lymphoma/indolent lymphoma.
High grade refers to aggressive type lymphoma that grows rapidly.
What is the most common type of low grade Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Follicular lymphoma
What is the most common type of high grade Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma? In adults, and in children.
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is most common in adults.
Burkitt lympoma is most common in children.
Is Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma more common?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
The presence of enlarged lymph nodes in which area is most worrying?
Supraclavicular lymph nodes are most worrying
When should one suspect malignancy in a patient presenting with lymphadenopathy and refer the patient on?
When lymph node is >1cm for 6 weeks or more.
Any patients with generalised lymphadenopathy, i.e. having 2 or more enlarged LN in non-contiguous regions.
Risk of malignancy increases in those >40yo.
Can Fine Needle Aspiration from affected LN be diagnostic in lymphoma?
No, FNA is not useful in diagnosing lymphoma.
Biopsy is needed - requires tissue samples
