Germ Cell Carcinoma

Question 1

How are Germ cell carcinoma classified, based on histology??

Answer 1

Seminoma or Non-seminoma

Question 2

Differentiate mature from immature teratoma

Answer 2

Mature teratoma are non-cancerous (they do not invade tissues), but they can grow rapidly.
Immature teratomas are cancerous.

Question 3

A mature cystic teratoma in women is also known as a

Answer 3

Dermoid cyst

Question 4

Compare seminoma and non-seminoma germ cell carcinoma in terms of mode of spread

Answer 4

Seminoma - Spreads via both lymphatic and blood vessels, but more commonly via the lymphatics. Pattern of spread is highly predictable - Para-aortic LN then pelvis and mediastinal.

In non-seminoma, lymphatic spread is similar to Seminoma, but is less predictable. Commonly spread to the lungs. Spread is rarely to the liver, brain, and bone (signifies poor prognosis if it occurs)

Question 5

When is CT brain done for germ cell carcinoma?

Answer 5

If there is multiple lung metastases, and/or beta-HCG is >10,000

Question 6

Tumour lysis syndrome is common in?

Answer 6

Common in patients who have large tumour volume, where the cancer is rapidly progressive.
Cancers with high cell turnover, and tumour proliferative states.

Question 7

What is Tumour Lysis syndrome characterised by?

Answer 7

Characterised by a group of metabolic abnormalities:

1. Hyperkalaemia
2. Hyperphosphatemia
3. Hyperuricemia
4. Hypocalcaemia

Question 8

What is an acute complication of cancer treatment?

Answer 8

Tumour lysis syndrome

Question 9

What are the complications of Bleomycin?

Answer 9

Pulmonary fibrosis, fatal pneumonitis