Leture 5b: Acid base and respiration

Question 1

Acute respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

Increased CO2 –> (right shift) increased [H+] –> low pH

Question 2

Acute respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

Decreased CO2 –> (left shift) decreased [H+} –> high pH

Question 3

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

Add H+ or lose HCO3- –> low pH

Question 4

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 4

Lose H+ or gain HCO3- –> increase pH

Question 5

Compensation: lungs

Answer 5

Increase, decrease CO2

Question 6

Compensation: kidneys

Answer 6

Increase, decrease HCO3- (takes a few days)

Question 7

Metabolic acidosis with compensation: lungs

Answer 7

Increase ventilation, decrease CO2, left shift will partially reduce [H+]

Question 8

Metabolic alkalosis with compensation: lungs

Answer 8

Decrease ventilation, increase CO2, right shit will partially increase [H+]

Question 9

Respiratory acidosis with compensation: kidneys

Answer 9

Increased CO2 is primary problem, kidneys will hold onto more bicarb to cause left shift

Question 10

Respiratory alkalosis with compensation: kidneys

Answer 10

Decreased CO2 is primary problem, kidneys will dump more bicarb to cause right shift

Question 11

Acute respiratory acidosis: numbers

Answer 11

pH decreases 0.08 for every 10 mmHg PaCO2 increase above 40 mm Hg

Question 12

Chronic respiratory acidosis: numbers

Answer 12

pH decreases 0.03 for every 10 mmHg PaCO2 increase above 40 mm Hg

Question 13

Acute respiratory alkalosis: numbers

Answer 13

pH increases 0.08 for every 10 mmHg PaCO2 decrease below

40 mm Hg

Question 14

Chronic respiratory alkalosis: numbers

Answer 14

pH increases 0.03 for every 10 mmHg PaCO2 decrease below 40 mm Hg

Question 15

Acidemia/alkalemia: numbers

Answer 15

Acidemia if pH 7.42

Question 16

How do we determine if primary disturbance is respiratory or metabolic?

Answer 16

Look at PaCO2 –> pH low, PaCO2 high = respiratory acidosis