Lectures 1-2: Intro to Pulm, Anatomy, Histology

Question 1

When bronchi lose their cartilage they’re called

Answer 1

Bronchioles

Question 2

Describe respiratory epithelium

Answer 2

Ciliated, pseduostratified columnar, with goblet cells

Question 3

The functional subunit of the lung…

Answer 3

Acinus

Question 4

The lungs are designed for…(3)

Answer 4

Large surface area, short diffusion path, concentration gradients

Question 5

Airspace is lined by (cell type)

Answer 5

Type I Epithelium

Question 6

Components of the blood-air barrier

Answer 6

Thin cytoplasm of Type I pneumocyte, fused BMs, endothelial cell cytoplasm

Question 7

Can Type I cells divide?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Describe Type II pneumocytes

Answer 8

Divide to replace injured Type I cells

Question 9

What happens in chronic bronchitis/asthma

Answer 9

Increased airflow resistance –> impaired ventilation

Question 10

What are some examples of alveolar filling diseases (2)? What does this lead to?

Answer 10

Pneumonia, edema –> impaired ventilation

Question 11

Three ways to alter perfusion in lungs

Answer 11

Destruction of alveolar capillaries; alteration of pulmonary blood flow (pulmonary HT); obstruction of blood flow (thrombus)

Question 12

Two ways to impair diffusion capacity

Answer 12

1. Loss of alveolar/endothelial area (emphysema); 2. Thickening of alveolar wall (fibrosis)

Question 13

Four structural design for protection against the environment

Answer 13

Nasal hairs (larger particles), branching airways (collect medium particles), muco-ciliary escalator, alveolar macrophages (tiny particles)