letter_trainer_0_1 Flashcards
1
Q
_NO
A
ENO. Brian Eno is a musician, composer and record producer from England who first achieved fame as the synthesiser player with Roxy Music. As a producer, Eno has worked with David Bowie, Devo and U2.
2
Q
E_EN
A
EDEN. The city of Eden Prairie lies just outside downtown Minneapolis. If you live there, congratulations! Eden Prairie was ranked by “Money Magazine” as the best place to live in America.
3
Q
E_EN
A
EDEN. In the Christian tradition, the ‘fall of man’ took place in the Garden of Eden when Adam and Eve succumbed to the temptation of eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, against the bidding of God. As a result, Adam and Eve were banished from Eden to prevent them becoming immortal by eating from the tree of life. The first humans had transitioned from a state of innocent obedience to a state of guilty disobedience.
4
Q
NR_
A
NRA. The NRA is the National Rifle Association, an organization that has been around since 1871. The group has had some celebrity presidents, including US President Ulysses S. Grant. It’s often said that the NRA is the most powerful lobbying group in Washington.
5
Q
R_A
A
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. Amino acids are delivered in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA and then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
6
Q
EL_
A
ELI. Even I know that Eli Manning and his older brother, Peyton, are quarterbacks!
7
Q
AL_
A
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky, changing his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali was presented with a gold medal during those ‘96 Games, a replacement for the medal he won at the 1960 Olympics. He had thrown the original into the Ohio River as a gesture of disgust after being refused service at a “whites only” restaurant.
8
Q
E_EE
A
EPEE. There are three fencing events in the modern Olympics, distinguished by the weapon used:
9
Q
_PA
A
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency was set up during the Nixon administration, and began operation at the end of 1970.
10
Q
S_E
A
STE. ‘Sainte’ (ste.) is French for ‘saint’, when referring to a female.
11
Q
_EE
A
LEE. Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel “To Kill A Mockingbird” was first published in 1960. The book is a mainstay in English classes all around the world, a great ambassador for American literature, I’d say.
12
Q
_TE
A
ETE. The Côte d’Azur is on the Mediterranean coast of France, stretching from Saint Tropez in the west, to the Italian border in the east. In English we often refer to the area as the French Riviera. It’s a little crowded for me (okay, expensive), especially in the summer (ete in French).
13
Q
RN_
A
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. Amino acids are delivered in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA and then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
14
Q
_RIA
A
ARIA. The aria “Il mio tesoro” comes from Mozart’s opera “Don Giovanni”. The title translates into “My treasure”.
15
Q
_EE
A
NEE. “Née” is the French word for “born” when referring to a female. The male equivalent is “né”.
16
Q
_TA
A
ETA. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
17
Q
ET_
A
ETE. In French, ‘juillet’ (July) is a month in the ‘été’ (summer).
18
Q
OR_
A
ORR. The bomber pilot in Joseph Heller’s “Catch 22” is called Orr, and he has no other name, just “Orr”.
19
Q
E_S
A
ELS. The Chicago “L” is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The “L” is also the second oldest, again with the New York City Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the “L” (originally short for “elevated railroad”), although the term “El” is also in common use (especially in crosswords as “ELS”). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
20
Q
E_S
A
ELS. Ernie Els is a South African golfer. Els a big guy but he has an easy fluid golf swing that has earned him the nickname ‘The Big Easy’. He is a former World No. 1 and has won four majors: the US Open (1994 & 1997) and the British Open (2002 & 2012).
21
Q
E_A
A
ETA. Elasticity in the world of economics is a mathematical concept. An elastic variable is one that might be varied by changing something else. For example, in some markets one can lower the price of goods and thereby increase the volume of sales. Sometimes variables are inelastic. For example, sales volume might be described as inelastic if chaning the price has no effect.
22
Q
_SLO
A
OSLO. The Oslo Accords grew out of secret negotiations between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel in a residence in Oslo in the early nineties. The delegates shared the same house while they conducted 14 meetings. While eating all their meals together at the same table, the negotiators came to respect one another and apparently friendships developed.
23
Q
ST_
A
STE. Ste. (suite) and Apt. (apartment).
24
Q
R_O
A
RIO. In Spanish, the Amazon (el Amazonas) is a river (rio).
25
_DEN
EDEN. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
26
_PA
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency was set up during the Nixon administration, and began operation at the end of 1970.
27
_IO
RIO. The Rio casino in Las Vegas was opened in 1990, originally targeting the local population as it is located off the famous Strip where most of the tourists hang out. Famously, the Rio opened up the adults-only Sapphire Pool in 2008, a pay-to-enter (only men paid) topless pool club that featured music and dancers. A year later the Sapphire Pool was closed down after there were eleven arrests for drugs and prostitution offences during an undercover police operation.
28
S_L
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" (SNL) in 1975 under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to put together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
29
ED_N
EDEN. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
30
A_I
ALI. Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier had three memorable fights. The first was billed as the "Fight of the Century" and took place in 1971 in Madison Square Garden. It was a fight between two great boxers, both of whom were undefeated up till that point. Frazier won in a unanimous decision after fifteen rounds. A couple of years later, in 1973, Frazier lost his title to George Foreman. Ali and Frazier had a non-title rematch in 1974, with Ali coming out ahead this time, also in a unanimous decision. Later that year, Ali grabbed back the World Heavyweight Title in "The Rumble in the Jungle", the famous "rope-a-dope" fight against George Foreman. That set the stage for the third and final fight between Ali and Frazier, "The Thrilla in Manila". Ali won the early rounds, but Frazier made a comeback in the middle of the fight. Ali took control at the end of the bout, so much so that Frazier wasn't able to come out of his corner for the 15th and final round. He couldn't come out of his corner because both of his eyes were swollen shut, giving Ali a victory due to a technical knockout (TKO).
31
EN_
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, Eno's most oft-played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system is booting up.
32
N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
33
_NL
SNL. Since 2005, the "Saturday Night Live" comedy show has been airing a feature called "SNL Digital Shorts". These spots break away from the "live" format of the show, and are prerecorded for airing during the Saturday broadcast. The Digital Shorts are filmed on consumer-grade digital cameras, and are edited on personal computers. They can feature members of the regular cast, musical guests, and celebrity cameos.
34
I_A
IRA. 'This American Life' is a radio show that is broadcast weekly on National Public Radio (NPR). Host of the show is the much-respected Ira Glass. I was interested to learn that one of my favorite composers, Philip Glass, is Ira's first cousin.
35
OSL_
OSLO. Sigrid Undset was a Norwegian novelist. Undset's best-known work is 'Kristin Lavransdatter', and she was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1928.
36
_NO
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. Eno's most oft played composition (by far!) can't be found on an album. It's Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system starts up.
37
_NS
ENS. An ensign is the most junior rank of commissioned officer (usually) in many armed forces. The name comes from the tradition that the junior officer would be given the task of carrying the ensign flag.
38
OD_
ODE. Percy Bysse Shelley wrote "Ode to the West Wind" in 1819 when he was living in Florence, Italy. One interpretation of the work is that expresses his dismay at not being home in England, while another is that it is a lament for the loss of his son, who died earlier in the same year.
39
ET_
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
40
E_E
ETE. One might spend the summer (été) under the sun (le soleil) in France.
41
_TA
ETA. Expected time of arrival (eta)
42
EL_
ELS. Ernie Els is a South African golfer. He's a big guy, but he has an easy, fluid golf swing that has earned him the nickname "The Big Easy". Els has a child who suffers from autism, and he has been very effective raising money for charities that focus on the condition.
43
_AE
RAE. 'Norma Rae' is a 1979 movie starring Sally Field as Norma Rae Webster in a tale of union activities in a textile factory in Alabama. The film is based on the true story of Crystal Lee Sutton told in a 1975 book called 'Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance'.
44
_TE
ETE. One might spend the summer (été) under the sun (le soleil) in France.
45
_PEE
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
46
EN_
ENS. In typography, there are em dashes and en dashes. The em dash is about the width of an "m" character, and an en dash about half that, the width of an "n' character. An en dash is used, for example, to separate numbers designating a range, as in 5-10 years. Th em dash seems to be going out of style, and indeed the application I am using to write this paragraph won't let me show you one!
47
IR_
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway touting contributions to the IRA! Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA means the Irish Republican Army).
48
_NT
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand in 1863, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
49
EN_
ENS. 50% of the letters in the word 'nonunion' are Ns (ens).
50
A_N
ANN. President Obama's mother's full name was actually Stanley Ann Durham. She worked as an anthropologist, having earned a Ph. D. at the University of Hawaii. Ann met her first husband, Barack Obama, Sr. in a Russian Language class, and the two were married in 1961.
51
ER_S
EROS. As always seems to be the case, the Greek gods Eros and Aphrodite have overlapping spheres of influence. Aphrodite was the goddess of love between a man and a woman, but Eros was the god who stirred the passions of the male.
52
_EE
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
53
LS_
LSD. LSD is short for Lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. But it wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that the psychedelic properties of the drug were discovered. Trippy, man ...
54
_RA
IRA. As well as writing novels, Ira Levin was a dramatist and a songwriter. His first novel was "A Kiss Before Dying", and his most famous was "Rosemary's Baby" which became a Hollywood hit. His best known play is "Deathtrap", a work that is often seen in local theater (I've seen it a couple of times around here), but it also was a successful movie, starring Michael Caine and Christopher Reeve. My favorite Levin novels though are "The Boys from Brazil" and "The Stepford Wives".
55
AN_
ANN. Cape Ann is 30 miles north of Boston and is on the northernmost edge of Massachusetts Bay. The Cape was first mapped by the explorer John Smith. Early in his adventurous life Smith had been captured and enslaved by the Ottoman Empire. His "owner" in his days of slavery was a woman called Tragabigzanda, and apparently the slave and owner fell in love. What we know today as Cape Ann, Smith originally called Cape Tragabigzanda in her memory.
56
A_I
ALI. The Islamic sects of Sunni and Shia Muslims differ in the belief of who should have taken over leadership of the Muslim faithful after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. Followers of the Sunni tradition agree with the decision that the Prophet Muhammad's confidante Abu Bakr was the right choice to become the first Caliph of the Islamic nation. Followers of the Shia tradition believe that leadership should have stayed within the Prophet Muhammad's own family, and favoured the Prophet's son-in-law Ali.
57
LE_
LEE. The Second Battle of Deep Bottom (also called 'Fussell's Mill') was fought in the middle of August 1864, in Henrico County, Virginia during the Civil War. The Union forces were led by Maj. Gen Winfield S. Hancock, and the Confederates by Gen Robert E. Lee and Maj, Gen W. Field.
58
E_P
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
59
_RIE
ERIE. The mighty Niagara River flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, and forms part of the border between the US and Canada. The river is only about 35 miles long (so some describe it as a 'strait') and has a drop in elevation of 325 feet along its length, with 165 feet of that drop taking place at Niagara Falls.
60
_RA
IRA. Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
61
EM_
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since man settled there. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the emus. The emus were clever, breaking their usual formation and adopting guerrilla tactics, operating as smaller units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests for military help for the farmers were ignored. The emus had emerged victorious ...
62
_EE
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
63
_LS
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York City Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
64
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
65
AB_
ABE. The US five-dollar bill is often called an 'Abe', as President Lincoln's portrait is on the front. An Abe is also referred to as a 'fin', a term that has been used for a five-pound note in Britain since 1868.
66
EL_
ELS. Elevated railroad (El.)
67
S_L
SNL. Drew Barrymore has quite the pedigree, being a granddaughter of Hollywood icon John Barrymore. She appeared in her first movie at the age of five, in 1980's "Altered States", but her big break was in 1982's "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". That same year she became the youngest host of "Saturday Night Live" at the age of seven. She has been invited back to host the show quite a few times and has now hosted six times, more than any other female celebrity.
68
O_R
ORR. The James Norris Memorial Trophy is awarded to the top defense player in the NHL each year, based on votes by members of the professional Hockey Writers' Association. Bobby Orr won the award every single season from 1967-1975. Bobby Orr is regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time. By the time he retired in 1978 he had undergone over a dozen knee surgeries. At 31 years of age, he concluded that he just couldn't skate any more. Reportedly, he was even having trouble walking ...
69
O_O
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the emperors of Japan. Her father moved around the world for work, and she lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan, before moving on to New York, Hanoi and back to Japan just before WWII, in time to live through the great fire-bombing of Tokyo in 1945. Immediately after the war the family was far from prosperous. While Yoko's father was being held in a prison camp in Vietnam, her mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. When her father was repatriated, life started to return to normal and Yoko was able to attend university. She was the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University.
70
_TE
ETE. Our word 'summer' is 'verano' in Spanish, and 'été' in French.
71
AL_
ALI. 'Ali' is a 2001 biographical movie about Muhammad Ali, with Will Smith in the title role. Among other things, the film is noted for its realistic fight scenes. The scenes were realistic because Smith was really being hit, as hard as his opponents could manage.
72
ER_S
EROS. As always seem to be the case, the Greek gods Eros and Aphrodite have overlapping spheres of influence. Aphrodite was the goddess of love between a man and a woman, but Eros was the god who stirred the passions of the male.
73
AB_
ABE. In one scene of the movie 'Ferris Bueller's Day Off', the title character pretends to be 'Abe Froman, the Sausage King of Chicago' in order to get a table in an upscale restaurant.
74
EN_
ENS. The are two letters N (ens) sitting side-by-side in the word 'Cannes'.
75
I_A
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing huge signs alongside the freeway touting contributions to your IRA. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA stands for the outlawed Irish Republican Army!).
76
EL_
ELI. The Eli Young Band is a country group from Texas founded by Mike Eli and James Young when they were roommates in the University of North Texas.
77
_NO
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft-played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system is booting up.
78
_RA
ERA. Steroids are found commonly in nature, with familiar examples being cholesterol and testosterone. The controversial class of drugs called anabolic steroids (known informally as 'roids' or simply "steroids") are artificially produced chemicals designed to mimic the effect of the male sex hormone, testosterone. They are termed "anabolic" as they build up cellular tissue (particularly muscle) in a process called anabolism. Taking anabolic steroids can be termed 'juicing', and the aggressive behavior that can be a side-effect is known as 'roid rage'.
79
R_E
RAE. Carly Rae Jepsen is a singer/songwriter from Mission, British Columbia. Jepsen got her start on TV's 'Canadian Idol' when she placed third in the show's fifth season.
80
EN_
ENO. Musician Brian Eno started his career as synthesiser player with Roxy Music and then launched a very successful solo career in the seventies. Eno is considered as a pioneer of the ambient music genre.
81
IR_
IRA. Individual retirement account (IRA)
82
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H".
83
S_L
SNL. Al Franken is the junior US Senator from Minnesota. Franken won the seat in 2009 after an extremely close race, a race that he eventually won by just 312 votes. Prior to serving in the Senate, Franken was a noted satirist and writer for 'Saturday Night Live'.
84
_SLO
OSLO. 'Hedda Gabler' is a play by the great Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, first published in 1890. Considered one of the greatest theater roles, the title character of Hedda Gabler is sometimes referred to as 'the female Hamlet'.
85
ES_
ESP. Extra Sensory Perception.
86
A_IA
ARIA. Conceptually 'surtitles' (also 'supertitles') at say an opera are like subtitles in a film. Translations of the libretto are projected above the stage for the benefit of the audience.
87
_TA
ETA. Expected time of arrival (ETA)
88
L_E
LEE. "Alee" is the direction away from the wind. If a sailor points into the wind, he or she is pointing "aweather".
89
ST_
STE. In French, a woman (femme) becomes a saint (sainte ... ste.) by being canonized (canonisée).
90
_AE
RAE. The actress Rae Dawn Chong is the daughter of Tommy Chong, of "Cheech and Chong" fame. Rae Dawn appeared in quite a few films in the eighties and nineties, including "The Color Purple" and "Commando".
91
A_A
ANA. An ana (or plural anas) is a collection, including literature, that represent the character of a particular place or a person. Ana can be used as a noun, or as a suffix.
92
_NL
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" (SNL) in 1975 under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to put together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
93
T_T
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for Trinitrotoluene. The explosive chemical was first produced by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand in 1863, thinking he had produced a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate, so it was marketed as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
94
_NO
ENO. Brian Eno is a musician, composer and record producer from England who first achieved fame as the synthesiser player with Roxy Music. As a producer, Eno has worked with David Bowie, Devo and U2.
95
_MU
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since man settled there. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the "invading force". The emus were clever, breaking their usual formation and adopting guerrilla tactics, operating as smaller units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests by farmers for military help were ignored. The emus had emerged victorious ...
96
IR_
IRA. As well as writing novels, Ira Levin was a dramatist and a songwriter. Levin's first novel was "A Kiss Before Dying", and his most famous work was "Rosemary's Baby" which became a Hollywood hit. His best known play is "Deathtrap", a production that is often seen in local theater (I've seen it a couple of times around here). "Deathtrap" was also was a successful movie, starring Michael Caine and Christopher Reeve. My favorite of Levin novels though are "The Boys from Brazil" and "The Stepford Wives".
97
_RA
NRA. 'Heat' is slang for a firearm.
98
AL_
ALE. Peter Ballantine was a Scotsman who moved to the United States, founding his brewery in in Newark, New Jersey in 1849. Ballantine was very successful in its day, the third largest brewery in the country in the fifties, when it was the television sponsor of the new York Yankees. However, sales eventually declined and it had to close its doors in the sixties. The brand names are now owned by the Pabst Brewing Company, and apparently the beer sold under the label today bears no resemblance to the beer made by the Scotsman. If you're a fan of the TV show "Frasier" you will probably recall that Frasier's Dad drank Ballantine beer all the time.
99
AL_
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. Clay changed his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali was presented with a gold medal during those '96 Games, a replacement for the medal he won at the 1960 Olympics. He had thrown the original into the Ohio River as a gesture of disgust after being refused service at a "whites only" restaurant.
100
_LI
ALI. The Disney animated feature "Aladdin" was released in 1992 and is one of the best features to come out of the studio, in my opinion, largely due to the great performance by Robin Williams who voiced the Genie. "Aladdin" was the most successful film of 1992, earning over $500 million worldwide, an unusual feat for an animated movie.
101
E_I
ELI. Eli is the nickname for a graduate of Yale University, a term used in honor of the Yale benefactor Elihu Yale.
102
_NO
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the emperors of Japan. Her father moved around the world for work, and she lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan, before moving on to New York, Hanoi, and back to Japan just before WWII, in time to live through the great fire-bombing of Tokyo in 1945. Immediately after the war, the family was far from prosperous. While Yoko's father was being held in a prison camp in Vietnam, her mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. When her father returned, life started to return to normal, and Yoko was able to attend university, and was the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University.
103
_RIE
ERIE. The song "Fifteen Miles on the Erie Canal" was written in 1905. The lyrics are nostalgic, and look back to the days when traffic on the canal was pulled by mules, bemoaning the introduction of the fast-moving engine-powered barges. The first line is "I've got an old mule and her name is Sal".
104
_NT
TNT. The Heavy Metal band known as AC/DC was formed by two brothers Malcolm and Angus Young in Australia. The group is usually called "Acca Dacca" down under.
105
OS_O
OSLO. Oslo is the capital of Norway. The city of Oslo burns trash to fuel half of its buildings, including all of its schools. The problem faced by the city is that it doesn't generate enough trash. So, Oslo imports trash from Sweden, England and Ireland, and is now looking to import some American trash too.
106
A_E
ABE. The US five-dollar bill is often called an 'Abe', as President Lincoln's portrait is on the front. An Abe is also referred to as a 'fin', a term that has been used for a five-pound note in Britain since 1868.
107
EN_
ENS. There are three letters N in the word 'inning'.
108
N_A
NRA. The NRA is the National Rifle Association, an organization that has been around since 1871. The group has had some celebrity presidents, including US President Ulysses S. Grant. It's often said that the NRA is the most powerful lobbying group in Washington.
109
IR_
IRA. Individual retirement account (IRA)
110
_TE
ETE. One might spend the summer (été) under the sun (le soleil) in France.
111
AN_
ANA. The Santa Ana winds are the very dry air currents that sweep offshore late in the year in Southern California. Because these air currents are so dry, they are noted for their influence over forest fires in the area, especially in the heat of the fall. The winds arise from a buildup of air pressure in the Great Basin that lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Under the right conditions, that air spills over the peaks of the Sierra Nevada and basically "falls" down the side of the Sierra range, heading for the ocean. As the air falls it becomes drier and heats up so that relative humidity can fall to below 10% by the time it hits the coast.
112
ET_
ETA. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
113
EP_
EPA. Environmental protection agency (EPA)
114
S_L
SNL. 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL)
115
AL_
ALI. Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a Dutch-American activist and author who was born in Somalia. One of Ali's most notable campaigns is the opposition to female genital mutilation.
116
T_T
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for TriNitroToluene. The explosive chemical was first produced by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand in 1863, who used it as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate, so it was marketed as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
117
AR_
ARI. The Arizona Diamondbacks joined Major League Baseball's National League in 1998. By winning the World Series in 2001, the Diamondbacks became the fastest expansion team to do so in Major League history.
118
E_O
ENO. Brian Eno is a musician, composer and record producer from England who first achieved fame as the synthesiser player with Roxy Music. As a producer, Eno has worked with David Bowie, Devo and U2.
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E_A
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was set up during the Nixon administration and began operation at the end of 1970.
120
AR_
ARI. The Arizona Diamondbacks joined Major League Baseball's National League in 1998. By winning the World Series in 2001, the Diamondbacks became the fastest expansion team to do so in Major League history.
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NRA. National Rifle Association (NRA)
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ER_S
EROS. As always seem to be the case, the Greek gods Eros and Aphrodite have overlapping spheres of influence. Aphrodite was the goddess of love between a man and a woman, but Eros was the god who stirred the passions of the male.
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ARI. The Arizona Diamondbacks joined Major League Baseball's National League in 1998. By winning the World Series in 2001, the Diamondbacks became the fastest expansion team to do so in Major League history.
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E_IE
ERIE. Lake Erie is the fourth largest of the five Great Lakes by area (Lake Ontario is the smallest). The lake takes its name from the Erie tribe of Native Americans that used to live along its southern shore. Erie is the smallest of the Great Lakes by volume and the shallowest, something for which nearby residents must be quite grateful. Being relatively shallow, much of Erie freezes over part way through most winters putting an end to most of the lake effect snow that falls in the snow belt extending from the lake's edge.
125
AB_
ABE. Grampa Abe Simpson is voiced by Dan Castellaneta, the same actor who provides the voice for Homer.
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_SD
LSD. LSD is short for LySergic acid Diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. But it wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
127
E_U
EMU. An emu has one set of eyelids to blink with, keeping the eyeball moist. The second set is used to keep out dust.
128
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ERA. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was written by the American suffragist leader, Alice Paul. Although Paul was successful in her campaign to get passage of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution (guaranteeing voting rights regardless of sex), her 1923 Equal Rights Amendment didn't make it to the Senate floor until 1972. The amendment was passed by the Senate, and then headed to the state legislatures for the required ratification. 38 states had to approve the legislation for the amendment to be adopted, but only 35 states voted in favor before the deadline. So the amendment is still pending, although about half of the fifty states have adopted the ERA into their state constitutions.
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_NO
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system starts up.
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AL_
ALE. The foodstuff that we call 'hops' are actually the female flower of the hop plant. The main use of hops is to add flavor to beer. The town in which I live here in California used to be home to the largest hop farm in the whole world. Most of the harvested hops were exported all the way to the breweries of London where they could fetch the best price.
131
S_L
SNL. Saturday Night Live (SNL)
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_TE
ETE. One might spend the summer (été) under the sun (le soleil) in France.
133
_PEE
EPEE. The sword known as an épée has a three-sided blade. The épée is similar to a foil and sabre, both of which are also thrusting weapons. However, the foil and saber have rectangular cross-sections.
134
ER_E
ERIE. Lake Erie is the fourth largest of the five Great Lakes (Lake Ontario is the smallest). The lake takes its name from the Erie tribe of Native Americans that used to live along its southern shore. Erie is the shallowest of the Great Lakes, something for which nearby residents must be quite grateful. Being relatively shallow, Erie freezes over part way through most winters putting an end to the lake effect snow that falls in the snow belt extending from the lake's edge.
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_IO
RIO. The 1942 movie 'Now, Voyager' stars Bette Davis, Paul Henreid and Claude Rains. The film is based on a novel of the same name by Olive Higgins Prouty. Prouty got the title of her book from the Walt Whitman poem 'The Untold Want':
136
ET_
ETA. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
137
ERO_
EROS. Eros was the Greek god of love, the Greek counterpart of the Roman god Cupid.
138
_MU
EMU. Emu eggs are very large, with a thick shell that is dark-green in color. One emu egg weighs about the same as a dozen chicken eggs.
139
E_U
EMU. The cassowary is a large, flightless bird found mainly in New Guinea. One species of cassowary is the third tallest bird on the planet, second only to the ostrich and the emu.
140
TN_
TNT. 'TNT' is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
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E_IE
ERIE. Put-in-Bay, Ohio is a village on South Bass Island in Lake Erie. The village's name comes from the old name for the harbor around which a settlement developed, namely 'Pudding Bay'. The Pudding Bay name was likely chosen as the bay is shaped like a pudding sack. Put-in-Bay is home to Crystal Cave, the world's largest geode.
142
S_E
STE. 'Sainte' (ste.) is French for 'saint', when referring to a female.
143
NR_
NRA. National Rifle Association (NRA)
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E_S
ENS. In typography, there are em dashes and en dashes. The em dash is about the width of an "m" character, and an en dash about half that, the width of an "n' character. An en dash is used, for example, to separate numbers designating a range, as in 5-10 years.
145
_PEE
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
146
S_L
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" in 1975, under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to pull together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he come up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
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N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
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R_A
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. Amino acids are delivered in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA and then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
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_SD
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
150
_RA
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway advocating IRA contributions. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA stands for the outlawed Irish Republican Army!).
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O_LO
OSLO. Edvard Munch was a Norwegian expressionist, most famous for his painting "The Scream", painted in 1893. What a wonderful work that is, a true representation of expressionism. The Munch Museum in Oslo is dedicated to his work and life. In 2004, two of Munch's paintings, "The Scream" and "Madonna", were stolen from the Munch Museum by armed robbers who subdued the museum guards. The paintings were missing for two years, but recovered in 2006.
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_TA
ETA. I guess the reference is to a chapter of a Greek fraternity, with eta being the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet.
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E_EN
EDEN. The Sistine Chapel, in the Pope's residence in Rome, takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV who was responsible for restoring the old Capella Magna in the 15th century. It was about a century later (1508-1512) that Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel under the patronage of Pope Julius II.
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A_E
ALE. Sam Adams beers are named in honor of the American patriot who played a role in the American Revolution and the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams came from a family associated the brewing industry, mainly involved in the production of malt.
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ARI_
ARIA. P.D.Q. Bach is an alter ego used by musical satirist Peter Schickele. Schickele creates works that he bills as compositions written by P.D.Q. Bach, the 'only forgotten son' of Johann Sebastien Bach.
156
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
157
RA_
RAE. Carly Rae Jepsen is a singer/songwriter from Mission, British Columbia. Jepsen got her start on TV's 'Canadian Idol' when she placed third in the show's fifth season.
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ES_
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
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R_O
RIO. Duran Duran is a New Wave band from Birmingham in England. Duran Duran's success was partially driven by some well-received MTV music videos in the 1980s. The band also worked hard on their image and paid a lot of money for very fashionable clothes in which they performed. As a result, one of Duran Duran's nicknames is 'the prettiest boys in rock'.
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E_E
ETE. The Somme is a department in the very north of France, in the Picardy region. The Somme is famous as the site of devastating battles during WWI.
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_NO
ONO. "Starpeace" is a concept album recorded by Yoko Ono in 1985. The project was designed as a message of peace, and a statement of opposition to the "Star Wars" missile defense system championed by President Reagan.
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A_I
ARI. Ari Gold is a fictional character in the HBO series "Entourage". "Entourage" tells the story of a rising film star, Vincent Chase, a native of New York but now learning to handle himself in Hollywood. Vincent's Hollywood agent is Ari Gold, played by Jeremy Piven.
163
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ENS. Half of the letters in the word 'nine' are Ns (ens).
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A_IA
ARIA. The Metropolitan Opera (the Met) of New York City is the largest classical music organization in the country, presenting about 220 performances each and every year. Founded in 1880, the Met is renowned for using technology to expand its audiences. Performances have been broadcast live on radio since 1931, and on television since 1977. And since 2006 you can go see a live performance from New York in high definition on the big screen, at a movie theater near you ...
165
AL_
ALI. Muhammad Ali first used his famous catchphrase 'float like a butterfly and sting like a bee' before his world title fight against Sonny Liston in 1964. Back then Ali still went by his birth name of Cassius Clay.
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ER_
ERA. The Progressive movement had the goal of eliminating corruption in government in the US. The movement gave its name to the Progressive Era that lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s. Journalists who investigated and exposed corruption were given the name 'muckrakers'. The term 'muckraker' was popularized by President Theodore Roosevelt when he referred to 'the Man with the Muck-rake', a character in John Bunyan's allegory 'The Pilgrim's Progress'.
167
ET_
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H".
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EDE_
EDEN. A dystopia is an imaginary community in which the residents live unhappily and in fear. 'Dystopia' is the opposite of 'utopia'. One example of such a society is that described by George Orwell in 'Nineteen Eighty-Four'.
169
_RA
NRA. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (usually referred to as 'the Brady Bill') was enacted in 1993 and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. The law instituted federal background checks for anyone wishing to purchase a firearm. The legislation is named for Jim Brady, Ronald Reagan's press secretary who was paralysed for life when John Hinckley, Jr. attempted to assassinate the president. Brady passed away in August 2014. The death was ruled a homicide, that he had died from the gunshot wound he received thirty-three years earlier.
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_NA
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. That sequence is read in DNA by messenger RNA, and amino acids are delivered for protein manufacture in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA. The amino acids are then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
171
RI_
RIO. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo). 'Rio de Janeiro' translates as 'January River'. The name reflects the discovery of the bay on which Rio sits, on New Year's Day in 1502.
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_LE
ALE. The foodstuff that we call 'hops' are actually the female flower of the hop plant. The main use of hops is to add flavor to beer. The town in which I live here in California used to be home to the largest hop farm in the whole world. Most of the harvested hops were exported all the way to the breweries of London where they could fetch the best price.
173
_ROS
EROS. As always seem to be the case, the Greek gods Eros and Aphrodite have overlapping spheres of influence. Aphrodite was the goddess of love between a man and a woman, but Eros was the god who stirred the passions of the male.
174
O_O
ONO. John Lennon and Yoko Ono married at the height of the Vietnam War in 1969. The couple decided to use the inevitable publicity surrounding their wedding and honeymoon to promote peace in the world. They honeymooned in the Presidential Suite of the Amsterdam Hilton, inviting the world's press to join them and to witness their 'bed-in'. They spent the week talking about peace, and an end to war. The marriage and bed-in is chronicled by the Beatles in their song 'The Ballad of John and Yoko'.
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_SP
ESP. Extra Sensory Perception.
176
L_D
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
177
E_EE
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
178
OSL_
OSLO. Oslo is the capital of Norway. The city of Oslo burns trash to fuel half of its buildings, including all of its schools. The problem faced by the city is that it doesn't generate enough trash. So, Oslo imports trash from Sweden, England and Ireland, and is now looking to import some American trash too.
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AL_
ALI. 'Ali' is a 2001 biographical movie about Muhammad Ali, with Will Smith in the title role. Among other things, the film is noted for its realistic fight scenes. The scenes were realistic because Smith was really being hit, as hard as his opponents could manage.
180
EP_E
EPEE. The French word for sword is épée. In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
181
ET_
ETA. Expected time of arrival (ETA)
182
_EE
LEE. The Lee Highway used to connect New York City to San Francisco, passing through the South and Southwest. The route isn't used much for cross-country travel anymore, not since the interstate system was constructed. Parts of the route are still known as the Lee Highway though, especially in Virginia and Tennessee.
183
ST_
STE. 'Ste.' is short for 'Sainte', the feminine form of 'Saint' in French.
184
L_E
LEE. The powerful 1957 movie '12 Angry Men' was directed by Sidney Lumet, and has a stellar cast of 'jury members' including Henry Fonda, Lee J. Cobb, Jack Klugman and Ed Begley. If ever there is a movie that clearly was based on a play, it's this one. Practically the whole film takes place on one set, the jury room.
185
EP_
EPA. 'The Simpsons' television show spawned 'The Simpsons Movie' in 2007. The film is all about the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) taking on Homer Simpson after he pollutes the local lake.
186
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
187
_LI
ELI. The inventor Eli Whitney is a best known for inventing the cotton gin. Whitney also came up with the important concept of 'interchangeable parts'. Parts that are interchangeable can be swapped out of equipment or perhaps used in related designs.
188
_LE
ALE. Samuel Adams was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, from Boston Massachusetts. Adams followed his father into the family's malthouse business a few years after young Samuel graduated from Harvard. There were generations of Adams family members who were "maltsters" i.e. those producing malt needed for making beer. Samuel Adams is often described as a brewer, but he was actually a malster. The Samuel Adams brand of beer isn't directly associated with the Adams family, but it is named in honor of the patriot.
189
_RIE
ERIE. The USS Niagara is a warship that was used in the War of 1812, serving in the Battle of Lake Erie. You can visit it today in the city of Erie, Pennsylvania, where it is docked behind the Erie Maritime Museum.
190
E_I
ELI. Eli Lilly is the largest corporation in the state of Indiana. The founder Eli Lilly was a veteran of the Union Army in the Civil War, and a failed Mississippi plantation owner. Later in life he returned to his first profession and opened a pharmaceutical operation to manufacture drugs and sell them wholesale. Under Lilly's early guidance, the company was the first to create gelatin capsules to hold medicines and the first to use fruit flavoring in liquid medicines.
191
EN_
ENS. There are two letters N (ens) in the word 'nation', one at each end ('boundary').
192
ER_
ERA. President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) is one of only four people to have held all four elected federal offices, namely US Representative, US Senator, US Vice-President and US President. As President he is perhaps best remembered for escalating involvement in the Vietnam War, and for his 'Great Society' legislation.
193
AB_
ABE. Grampa Abe Simpson is voiced by Dan Castellaneta, the same actor who provides the voice for Homer.
194
_RA
IRA. A rollover IRA is a subtype of a traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA). The funds for a rollover IRA come from another qualified plan such as a 401(k) or a 403(b) account.
195
RA_
RAE. Charlotte Rae is an American actress, best known for playing the character Edna Garrett on two sitcoms from the seventies and eighties: "Diff'rent Strokes" and "The Facts of Life". Towards the end of the series, the Edna Garrett character operated her own gourmet food shop called 'Edna's Edibles'.
196
ER_S
EROS. Sigmund Freud believed that we humans are driven by two desires, the desire for life (the libido, or Eros) and the desire for death (Thanatos). Personally, I don't think so ...
197
_PA
EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
198
AN_
ANN. Ann Sothern was a long-time film and television actress from Valley City in North Dakota. Sothern's most celebrated role was playing the lead in the 1939 film 'Maisie' which led to a series of 'Maisie' comedy film sequels.
199
EN_
ENS. An ensign is the most junior rank of commissioned officer (usually) in many armed forces. The name comes from the tradition that the junior officer would be given the task of carrying the ensign flag.
200
ET_
ETE. French circulating fans might be moving the warm air in the summer ('été').
201
ET_
ETA. When one thinks of the word 'main' in the context of the sea, the Spanish Main usually comes to mind. Indeed, the use of the more general term 'main', meaning the sea, originates from the more specific "Spanish Main". "Spanish Main" originally referred to land and not water, as it was the name given to the mainland coast around the Caribbean Sea in the days of Spanish domination of the region.
202
_NS
ENS. Ensign (ens.)
203
AL_
ALI. The Rumble in the Jungle was that celebrated fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman, broadcast from Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The fight was set in Zaire because of financial arrangements between promoter Don King and Zaire's President Mobuto Seko. Ali coined the term "Rope-a-dope" to describe his incredibly successful strategy in the contest. From the second round onwards, Ali adopted a protected stance on the ropes, letting Foreman pound him with blows to the body and head, using his arms to dissipate the power of the punches. He kept this up until the eighth round and then opened up and downed the exhausted Foreman with a left-right combination. I hate boxing, but I have to say, that was an fascinating fight.
204
AL_
ALE. The brand most closely associated with ginger ale is Canada Dry. "Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale" was first formulated in 1904 by a Canadian chemist called John McLoughlin from Ontario. Prohibition in the United State helped sales of the drink as it was particularly effective in masking the taste of illegally-produced homemade liquor.
205
EL_
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York City Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
206
EL_
ELI. Eli is the nickname for a graduate of Yale University, a term used in honor of the Yale benefactor Elihu Yale.
207
_LS
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York City Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
208
LE_
LEE. Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "To Kill A Mockingbird" was first published in 1960. The book is a mainstay in English classes all around the world and is a great ambassador for American literature, I'd say.
209
E_O
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft-played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system is booting up.
210
ER_E
ERIE. The original Fort Erie was built by the British in 1764. The current structure can be visited today, located in the province of Ontario, just across the Niagara River from the city of Buffalo, New York.
211
E_I
ELI. Eli is the nickname for a graduate of Yale University, a term used in honor of the Yale benefactor Elihu Yale.
212
ET_
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
213
_LI
ELI. In the Bible, Eli is a High Priest of Shiloh, and the teacher of Samuel. As such, his story is told in the Book of Samuel.
214
OSL_
OSLO. The Storting is the Norwegian parliamentand is located in Oslo, Norway's capital city. The Storting differs in structure from say the US Congress and the British Parliament in that is "unicameral", it has only one legislative chamber.
215
_NA
ANA. An ana (or plural anas) is a collection, including literature, that represent the character of a particular place or a person. Ana can be used as a noun, or as a suffix.
216
_AE
RAE. "Norma Rae" is a 1979 movie starring Sally Field, a tale of union activities in a textile factory in Alabama. The film is based on the true story of Crystal Lee Sutton told in a 1975 book called "Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance".
217
S_L
SNL. "Saturday Night Live" (SNL)
218
A_E
ALE. The brand most closely associated with ginger ale is Canada Dry. "Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale" was first formulated in 1904 by a Canadian chemist called John McLoughlin from Ontario, Canada. Prohibition helped sales of the drink as it was particularly effective in masking the taste of illegally produced, homemade liquor.
219
_AE
RAE. Corinne Bailey Rae is a British singer from Yorkshire in the north of England.
220
_RA
ERA. George W. Bush won the 2000 US presidential election over Al Gore despite losing the popular vote. The result of the electoral college effectively came down to disputed votes cast in Florida. The US Supreme Court decided that these votes were to be awarded to Bush. President Bush wasn't the first candidate to take the office without winning the popular vote. Three earlier presidents came to office in the same way : John Quincy Adams (1824), Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) and Benjamin Harrison (1888).
221
_NS
ENS. Ensign is (usually) the most junior rank of commissioned officer in the armed forces. The name comes from the tradition that the junior officer would be given the task of carrying the ensign flag.
222
I_A
IRA. Ira Glass is a well respected presenter on American Public Radio, most noted for his show "This American Life". I was interested to learn that one of my favorite composers, Philip Glass, is Ira's first cousin.
223
_SLO
OSLO. The city name 'Oslo' appears as a string of letters in 'Los Lobos' (l-OS LO-bos).
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EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
225
_BE
ABE. Shinzo Abe first became Prime Minister of Japan in 2006, at which time he was the youngest person to hold the post since WWII and was the first PM born after the war. Abe was in office for less than a year, but was voted in again in 2012. Abe is usually characterized as a right-wing nationalist.
226
AR_A
ARIA. Dame Joan Sutherland was an operatic soprano from Sydney, Australia. Sutherland's voice was described as 'the voice of the century' by none other than Luciano Pavarotti.
227
AR_
ARI. Aristotle Onassis was born to a successful Greek shipping entrepreneur in Smyrna in modern-day Turkey. However, his family lost its fortune during WWI and so Aristotle worked with his father to build up a new business empire centered on the importation of tobacco. In 1957, Aristotle founded the Greek national airline, what is today called Olympic Air, and he also got into the business of shipping oil around the world. He married Athina Livanos in 1946, the daughter of a wealthy shipping magnate. They had two children, including the famous Christina Onassis. Livanos divorced Onassis on discovering him in bed with the opera singer Maria Callas. Onassis ended his affair with Callas in order to marry Jackie Kennedy in 1968.
228
_EE
LEE. Sandra Lee is a host of cooking shows including two that promote her 'Semi-Homemade' concept, mixing pre-packaged foods with fresh ingredients. Lee lives with Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo.
229
_LI
ALI. Muhammad Ali fought Sonny Liston for the World Heavyweight Championship twice. The first bout was in 1964 in Miami, and the second in 1965 in Lewiston, Maine. In the first fight, Liston failed to come out of his corner for the seventh round. On seeing this, Ali (or 'Cassius Clay' as he was then) ran to the ropes yelling 'I'm the greatest!' and 'I shook up the world'.
230
_NO
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system starts up.
231
ES_
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
232
A_I
ARI. "Exodus" is a wonderful novel written by American writer Leon Uris, first published in 1947. The book was incredibly well received by the public, and is the second biggest best seller in the US, after "Gone with the Wind". The hero of the piece is Ari Ben Canaan, played by Paul Newman in the 1960 film adaptation directed by Otto Preminger.
233
_RA
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway advocating contributions to your IRA. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA stands for the Irish Republican Army!).
234
TN_
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for TriNitroToluene. The explosive chemical was first produced by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand in 1863, who used it as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate, so it was used as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
235
_MU
EMU. The official symbol of Australia is a coat of arms that features a kangaroo and an emu, the country's national animal and national bird.
236
T_T
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. The chemical was first produced by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand in 1863, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
237
A_I
ALI. 'Ali' is a 2001 biographical movie about Muhammad Ali, with Will Smith in the title role. Among other things, the film is noted for its realistic fight scenes. The scenes were realistic because Smith was really being hit, as hard as his opponents could manage.
238
L_E
LEE. Robert E. Lee is of course renowned as a southern officer in the Civil War. Lee was a somewhat reluctant participant in the war in that he opposed the secession of his home state of Virginia from the Union. At the beginning of the war, President Lincoln invited Lee to take command of the whole Union Army but he declined, choosing instead to stay loyal to his home state.
239
IR_
IRA. Ira Stein is an American pianist who does a lot of work combining classical and jazz music.
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_SP
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
241
R_A
RNA. A virus is a small, infectious agent, made up of either two or three parts:
242
E_I
ELI. Eli Roth is one of a group of directors of horror movies known quite graphically as "The Splat Pack". I can't stand "splat" movies and avoid them as best I can. Roth is also famous for playing Donny Donowitz in the Quentin Tarantino movie "Inglourious Basterds", a good film I thought, if you close your eyes during the gruesome bits.
243
_NT
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
244
_SP
ESP. Extra Sensory Perception.
245
_NT
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
246
E_S
ENS. Ensign (ens.)
247
_IO
RIO. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo). 'Rio de Janeiro' translates as "January River". The name reflects the discovery of the bay on which Rio sits, on New Year's Day in 1502.
248
IR_
IRA. Individual retirement account (IRA)
249
E_U
EMU. Emu eggs are very large, with a thick shell that is dark-green in color. One emu egg weighs about the same as a dozen chicken eggs.
250
E_S
ENS. The rank of ensign (ens.) has generally been replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant (2nd lt.).
251
ARI_
ARIA. Aria is one of the newer casinos on the Las Vegas Strip. 'Popular Mechanics' magazine described Aria as 'the most technologically advanced hotel ever built'.
252
NE_
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
253
IR_
IRA. "Science Friday" is an excellent talk show broadcast every Friday on NPR, and hosted by Ira Flatow. Flatow is known on television as the host of 'Newton's Apple', which ran from 1983 to 1998.
254
_SD
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
255
_EE
LEE. Cliff Lee is a baseball pitcher who turns out for the Philadelphia Phillies. Lee won the Cy Young Award in 2008 when he was playing for the Cleveland Indians.
256
_EE
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
257
E_U
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since man settled there. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the "invading force". The emus were clever, breaking their usual formation and adopting guerrilla tactics, operating as smaller units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests for military help for the farmers were ignored. The emus had emerged victorious ...
258
I_A
IRA. I have to tell you when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway advocating IRA contributions. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA stands for the outlawed Irish Republican Army!).
259
O_O
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the emperors of Japan. Ono's father moved around the world for work and Yoko lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan before moving on to New York, Hanoi and back to Japan just before WWII. There Yoko lived through the great fire-bombing of Tokyo in 1945. Immediately after the war the family was far from prosperous. While Yoko's father was being held in a prison camp in Vietnam, her mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. When her father was repatriated, life started to return to normal and Yoko was able to attend university. She was the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University.
260
E_A
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H".
261
_NL
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" (SNL) in 1975 under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to put together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
262
T_T
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
263
_EE
LEE. The Lee company famous for making jeans was formed in 1889, by one Henry David Lee in Salina, Kansas.
264
_RA
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway advocating IRA contributions. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA stands for the outlawed Irish Republican Army!).
265
_NA
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. That sequence is read in DNA by messenger RNA, and amino acids are delivered for protein manufacture in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA. The amino acids are then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
266
A_N
ANN. Ann Packer is a novelist from Stanford. California who is probably best known for her first book called 'The Dive from Clausen's Pier'.
267
EDE_
EDEN. In Greek mythology Elysium was part of the Underworld where heroic and virtuous souls were laid to rest. Nowadays we use the word Elysium to mean a place or condition of ideal happiness, a Garden of Eden.
268
N_A
NRA. The NRA is the National Rifle Association, an organization that has been around since 1871. The group has had some celebrity presidents, including US President Ulysses S. Grant. It's often said that the NRA is the most powerful lobbying group in Washington.
269
AL_
ALE. Pale ale is a beer made using mainly pale malt, which results in a relatively light color for a malted beer.
270
OD_
ODE. A Horatian Ode is an ode with a specific structure, designed to resemble the odes of the Roman poet, Horace.
271
ERI_
ERIE. Erie' sounds ... eerie.
272
RI_
RIO. The next three FIFA World Cup tournaments (soccer) will be hosted by Brazil (2014), Russia (2018) and Qatar (2022).
273
_BE
ABE. Abraham Lincoln was born in a one-room log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky making him the first president born in the West. His formal education was limited to a year and a half of schooling, but fortunately for us, Lincoln was an avid reader and educated himself over the years. Even though he was from a rural area, he avoided hunting and fishing because he did not like to kill animals even for food.
274
_LS
ELS. Ernie Els is a South African golfer. Els a big guy but he has an easy fluid golf swing that has earned him the nickname "The Big Easy". He is a former World No. 1 and has won four majors: the US Open (1994 & 1997) and the British Open (2002 & 2012).
275
RN_
RNA. RNA and DNA are very similar molecules. One big difference is that RNA is a single strand structure, whereas DNA is famously a double-helix. Another difference is that RNA contains ribose as a structural unit, and DNA contains deoxyribose i.e. ribose with one less oxygen atom. And that ribose/deoxyribose difference is reflected in the full name of the two molecules: ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
276
_EE
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
277
ER_
ERA. The pitching stat, earned run average (ERA), measures how many runs a pitcher tends to give up per nine innings.
278
R_A
RNA. I know I am over-simplifying the explanation, but basically RNA takes the information necessary to create proteins, carrying the sequencing code from DNA to where the proteins can be manufactured.
279
EN_
ENS. There are a couple of letters N in the word 'Annie'.
280
AL_
ALI. Sonny Liston won the heavyweight boxing championship in 1962 by knocking out Floyd Patterson in the first round. Liston suffered a first round defeat himself in 1965, to Muhammad Ali. The picture of Ali standing over Liston was featured on the cover of a special "Sports Illustrated" edition featuring "The Century's Greatest Sports Photos".
281
N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
282
A_E
ABE. The US five-dollar bill is often called an 'Abe', as President Lincoln's portrait is on the front. An Abe is also referred to as a 'fin', a term that has been used for a five-pound note in Britain since 1868.
283
E_EN
EDEN. According to the Book Of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers, including the Tigris and Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
284
_NS
ENS. Ensign (ens.)
285
AN_
ANN. There was no such woman as "Ann Taylor" associated with the Ann Taylor line of clothes. The name was chosen by the marketing professionals because "Ann" was considered to be "very New England" back in 1954 when the stores first opened, and "Taylor" suggested that clothes were carefully "tailored".
286
OR_
ORR. Orr has no other name, just "Orr", in Joseph Heller's "Catch 22".
287
E_A
ETA. Expected time of arrival (ETA)
288
S_E
STE. Mont-Sainte-Anne is a ski resort in Quebec located about 25 miles northeast of Quebec City.
289
AN_
ANA. Santa Ana is the county seat of Orange County, California and takes its name from the Santa Ana River that runs through the city.
290
E_A
ERA. Discotheques first appeared during WWII in Occupied France. American-style music (like jazz and jitterbug dances) was banned by the Nazis, so French natives met in underground clubs that they called discotheques where records were often played on just a single turntable. After the war, these clubs came out into the open. One famous Paris discotheque was called "Whiskey a Gogo". In that Paris disco, non-stop music was played using two turntables next to a dance-floor, and this concept spread around the world.
291
SN_
SNL. 'Weekend Update' is the longest-running of any recurring sketch on 'Saturday Night Live'. In fact, the segment made its debut on the very first show, back in 1975. The first 'anchor' at the 'Weekend Update' was Chevy Chase.
292
EN_
ENO. Brian Eno was one of the pioneers of the 'ambient' genre of music. Eno composed an album in 1978 called 'Ambient 1: Music for Airports', the first in a series of four albums with an ambient theme. Eno named the tracks somewhat inventively: 1/1, 2/1, 2/1 and 2/2.
293
ARI_
ARIA. A scene in an opera is usually called a 'scena', the Italian term for 'scene'.
294
I_A
IRA. I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway touting contributions to your IRA. Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA means the Irish Republican Army!).
295
L_D
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
296
_LS
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
297
ER_
ERA. Phyllis Schlafly is a conservative activist who is noted for her opposition to modern feminism. Schlafly led the STOP ERA campaign in the seventies that was influential in the stalling the state ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) that had passed both houses of Congress.
298
ER_E
ERIE. There are three Erie Counties in the US:
299
E_EN
EDEN. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
300
EP_E
EPEE. There are three fencing events in the modern Olympics, distinguished by the weapon used:
301
EL_
ELI. Eli Broad made his fortune in real estate, one of the founders of Kaufman and Broad, that we know these days as KB Homes. His net worth was recently reported at just over $5 billion.
302
_LI
ELI. Eli Wallach has been appearing consistently and making great performances on the big and small screens since the 1950s. His most famous role was probably as 'the ugly' in 'The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'. More recently he gave a very strong performance in 2006's 'The Holiday'.
303
EN_
ENS. The game of Scrabble has been around since 1938, the invention of an architect named Alfred Moshoer Butts. Butts determined how many tiles of each letter, and the point value of each tile, by analyzing letter distributions ... in publications like the New York Times ...
304
E_I
ELI. Eli Manning plays as quarterback for the New York Giants. Eli's brother Peyton Manning is quarterback for the Denver Broncos. Eli and Peyton's father is Archie Manning, who was also a successful NFL quarterback.
305
ES_
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
306
E_A
ERA. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was written by the American suffragist leader, Alice Paul. Although Paul was successful in her campaign to get passage of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution (guaranteeing voting rights, regardless of sex), her 1923 Equal Rights Amendment didn't make it to the Senate floor until 1972. The amendment was passed by the Senate, and then headed to the state legislatures for the required ratification. 38 states had to approve the legislation for the amendment to be adopted, but only 35 states voted in favor before the deadline. So, the amendment is still pending, although about half of the fifty states have adopted the ERA into their state constitutions.
307
EP_
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency was set up during the Nixon administration, and began operation at the end of 1970.
308
I_A
IRA. Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
309
A_I
ARI. Aristotle Onassis was born to a successful Greek shipping entrepreneur in Smyrna in modern-day Turkey. However, his family lost its fortune during WWI and so Aristotle worked with his father to build up a new business empire centered on the importation of tobacco. In 1957, Aristotle founded the Greek national airline, what is today called Olympic Air, and he also got into the business of shipping oil around the world. He married Athina Livanos in 1946, the daughter of a wealthy shipping magnate. They had two children, including the famous Christina Onassis. Livanos divorced Onassis on discovering him in bed with the opera singer Maria Callas. Onassis ended his affair with Callas in order to marry Jackie Kennedy in 1968.
310
E_A
ERA. Earned run average (ERA)
311
EM_
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since humans arrived on the continent. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the "invading force". The emus were clever, breaking their usual formations and adopting guerrilla tactics, operating as smaller units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests for military help for the farmers were ignored. The emus had emerged victorious ...
312
_NL
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" in 1975, under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday episodes off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to pull together a variety show to fill the vacant slot ... "Saturday Night Live".
313
ER_
ERA. Era was the first liquid laundry detergent produced by Procter & Gamble.
314
_LI
ELI. The inventor Eli Whitney is a best known for inventing the cotton gin. Whitney also came up with the important concept of 'interchangeable parts'. Parts that are interchangeable can be swapped out of equipment or perhaps used in related designs.
315
E_O
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft-played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system is booting up.
316
LS_
LSD. LSD is short for LySergic acid Diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. But it wasn't until some five years later, when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that he discovered its psychedelic properties. That is so trippy, man ...
317
_RI
ARI. The Arizona Diamondbacks joined Major League Baseball's National League in 1998. By winning the World Series in 2001, the Diamondbacks became the fastest expansion team to do so in Major League history.
318
EN_
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system starts up.
319
_NS
ENS. An extra in 'Star Trek' is often an ensign (ens.).
320
E_S
ELS. There is a letter L (el) at either end of the word 'lawful'.
321
AL_
ALI. "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" is a film released in 1944 directed by Arthur Lubin. It is very loosely based on the tale of Ali Baba from the book "One Thousand and One Nights", a collection of Arabic stories compiled in what is termed the Islamic Golden Age (the 8th to 13th centuries AD). In English we often refer to the collection as "The Arabian Nights".
322
_RA
ERA. Era was the first liquid laundry detergent produced by Procter & Gamble.
323
E_I
ELI. Even I know that Eli Manning, and his older brother Peyton, are quarterbacks!
324
EP_E
EPEE. The French word for sword is épée.
325
AR_
ARI. The Arizona Diamondbacks joined Major League Baseball's National League in 1998. By winning the World Series in 2001, the Diamondbacks became the fastest expansion team to do so in Major League history.
326
AN_
ANA. Santa Ana is the county seat of Orange County, California, taking its name from the Santa Ana River that runs through the city. The Santa Ana winds are the very dry air currents that sweep offshore late in the year in Southern California. Because they are so dry, they are noted for their influence over forest fires in the area, especially in the heat of the fall. The winds arise from a buildup of air pressure in the Great Basin that lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Under the right conditions, that air spills over the peaks of the Sierra Nevada, and basically "falls" down the side of the Sierra range, heading for the ocean. As the air falls it becomes drier and heats up, so that relative humidity can fall to below 10% by the time it hits the coast.
327
AN_
ANA. All Nippon Airways (ANA) is a Japanese airline, second in size only to Japan Airlines (JAL).
328
_LE
ALE. The brand most closely associated with ginger ale is Canada Dry. 'Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale' was first formulated in 1904 by a Canadian chemist called John McLoughlin from Ontario. Prohibition in the United States helped sales of the drink as it was particularly effective in masking the taste of illegally-produced homemade liquor.
329
A_N
ANN. The Beach Boys 1965 hit "Barbara Ann" was actually a cover version of a song first recorded by the Regents in 1961 (with a different spelling: Barbara 'Anne").
330
N_A
NRA. The National Rifle Association (NRA) used the slogan 'I'll give you my gun when you pry it from my cold, dead hands'. These words became quite famous when they were used at an NRA convention in 2000 by Charlton Heston, who was then president of the NRA. Heston ended a speech he made with the words 'From my cold, dead hands!' while holding up into the air a replica of a Sharps rifle.
331
ET_
ETA. Expected time of arrival (ETA)
332
O_LO
OSLO. Oslo is the capital of Norway. The city of Oslo burns trash to fuel half of its buildings, including all of its schools. The problem faced by the city is that it doesn't generate enough trash. So, Oslo imports trash from Sweden, England and Ireland, and is now looking to import some American trash too.
333
_NA
RNA. A virus is a small, infectious agent, made up of either two or three parts:
334
_NL
SNL. 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL).
335
EP_
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was set up during the Nixon administration and began operation at the end of 1970.
336
AN_
ANN. Cape Ann is 30 miles north of Boston, and is the northernmost edge of Massachusetts Bay.
337
_MU
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since man settled there. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the emus. The emus were clever, and broke their usual formation and adopted guerrilla tactics, operating as small units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests for military help for the farmers were ignored. The emus had won ...
338
EPE_
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
339
RN_
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. That sequence is read in DNA by messenger RNA, and amino acids are delivered for protein manufacture in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA. The amino acids are then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
340
_PEE
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
341
EN_
ENO. Brian Eno started out his musical career with Roxy Music. However, his most oft-played composition (by far!) is Microsoft's "start-up jingle", the 6-second sound you hear when the Windows operating system is booting up.
342
ST_
STE. Sault Ste. Marie is the name of two cities on either side of the Canada-US border, one in Ontario and the other in Michigan. The two cities were originally one settlement in the 17th century, established by Jesuit Missionaries. The missionaries gave the settlement the name 'Sault Sainte Marie', which can be translated as 'Saint Mary's Falls'. The city was one community until 1817, when a US-UK Joint Boundary Commission set the border along the St. Mary's River.
343
R_O
RIO. Even though the 2016 Olympic Games is a 'summer' competition, it will be held in Rio de Janeiro in the winter. As Rio is in the southern hemisphere, the planned date of the opening of 5th August 2016 falls in the local season of winter. The 2016 games will also be first to be held in South America, and the first to be hosted by a Portuguese-speaking country.
344
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character 'H'. Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
345
A_N
ANN. There was no such woman as "Ann Taylor" associated with the Ann Taylor line of clothes. The name was chosen by the marketing professionals because "Ann" was considered to be "very New England" back in 1954 when the stores first opened, and "Taylor" suggested that clothes were carefully "tailored".
346
SN_
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" in 1975, under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to pull together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
347
RN_
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. That sequence is read in DNA by messenger RNA, and amino acids are delivered for protein manufacture in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA. The amino acids are then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
348
_LI
ELI. Eli is the nickname for a graduate of Yale University, a term used in honor of the Yale benefactor Elihu Yale.
349
E_S
ELS. Ernie Els is a South African golfer. Els a big guy with an easy fluid golf swing that has earned him the nickname "The Big Easy". He has a child who suffers from autism and so Els has been very effective in raising money for charities that focus on the condition.
350
AR_A
ARIA. "Che gelida manina" is a famous aria from Puccini's opera "La Boheme", sung by the tenor lead, Rudolfo.
351
E_S
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York City Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
352
RA_
RAE. "Norma Rae" is a 1979 movie starring Sally field, a tale of union activities in a textile factory in Alabama. The film is based on the true story Crystal Lee Sutton told in a 1975 book called "Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance".
353
_NL
SNL. 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL)
354
S_E
STE. Suite (Ste.)
355
_EE
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born", when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
356
_MU
EMU. Emu eggs are very large, with a thick shell that is dark-green in color. One emu egg weighs about the same as a dozen chicken eggs.
357
EP_
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency was set up during the Nixon administration, and began operation at the end of 1970.
358
_IO
RIO. The Paraguay River runs through South America, traversing Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.
359
A_E
ABE. Abraham Lincoln was born in a one-room log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky making him the first president born in the West. His formal education was limited to a year and a half of schooling, but fortunately for us, Lincoln was an avid reader and educated himself over the years. Even though he was from a rural area, he avoided hunting and fishing because he did not like to kill animals even for food.
360
AR_
ARI. "Exodus" is a wonderful novel written by American writer Leon Uris, first published in 1947. The hero of the piece is Ari Ben Canaan, played by Paul Newman in the 1960 film adaptation directed by Otto Preminger.
361
E_EE
EPEE. The épée that is used in today's sport fencing is derived from the old French dueling sword. In fact, the the sport of épée fencing is very similar to the dualing of the 19th century. The word 'épée' translates from French as 'sword'.
362
_LE
ALE. Porter is a dark beer that originated in London in the 1700s and is named for the street and river porters with whom it was very popular. Porter is a well-hopped beer made using brown malt, which gives it the dark color.
363
NE_
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
364
_NO
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the emperors of Japan. Her father moved around the world for work, and she lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan, before moving on to New York, Hanoi and back to Japan just before WWII, in time to live through the great fire-bombing of Tokyo in 1945. Immediately after the war the family was far from prosperous. While Yoko's father was being held in a prison camp in Vietnam, her mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. When her father was repatriated, life started to return to normal and Yoko was able to attend university. She was the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University.
365
L_D
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
366
AN_
ANA. Santa Ana is the county seat of Orange County, California and takes its name from the Santa Ana River that runs through the city. The Santa Ana winds are the very dry air currents that sweep offshore late in the year in Southern California. Because these air currents are so dry, they are noted for their influence over forest fires in the area, especially in the heat of the fall. The winds arise from a buildup of air pressure in the Great Basin that lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Under the right conditions, that air spills over the peaks of the Sierra Nevada and basically "falls" down the side of the Sierra range, heading for the ocean. As the air falls it becomes drier and heats up, so that relative humidity can fall to below 10% by the time it hits the coast.
367
EL_
ELS. The 'borders' of the word 'legal' (the outside letters) are letters L (els).
368
E_S
ELS. Elevated railroad (el)
369
E_EE
EPEE. The French word for sword is "épée". In competitive fencing the épée is connected to a system that records an electrical signal when legal contact is made on an opponent's body.
370
T_T
TNT. TNT stands for Turner Network Television. It made a big splash in the eighties when it started to broadcast old MGM movies that had been "colorized", not something that was a big hit with the public. In recent years, the TNT programming lineup is governed by the tag-line "We Know Drama", and includes shows like "Judging Amy", "ER" and "Cold Case".
371
AL_
ALE. In a comic strip, a bottle of beer often has a label marked 'XXX'.
372
_NN
ANN. Cape Ann is 30 miles north of Boston, and is the northernmost edge of Massachusetts Bay. The Cape was first mapped by the explorer John Smith. Early in his adventurous life Smith had been captured and enslaved by the Ottoman Empire. His "owner" in his days of slavery was a woman called Tragabigzanda, and apparently the slave and owner fell in love. What we know today as Cape Ann, Smith originally called Cape Tragabigzanda, in memory of the woman.
373
A_IA
ARIA. "The Consul" is an opera by Gian Carlo Menotti. The "Lullaby" from Act II of "The Consul" is one of the highlights of the work, an emotional and moving interlude. "The Consul" earned Menotti the Pulitzer Prize in Music in 1950.
374
E_E
ETE. In French, the season of 'été' (summer) starts in 'juin' (June).
375
EN_
ENS. The letter N can be found at either end of 'neon', framing the word.
376
E_EE
EPEE. The épée that is used in today's sport fencing is derived from the old French dueling sword. In fact, the the sport of épée fencing is very similar to the dualing of the 19th century. The word 'épée' translates from French as 'sword'.
377
_NA
ANA. The Santa Ana River rises in the San Bernardino Mountains and empties into the Pacific Ocean 96 miles downstream. The Santa Ana is the largest river in Southern California.
378
L_D
LSD. "Easy Rider" is a 1969 movie about two bikers traversing the American Southwest and the South. The bikers are famously played by Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Fonda produced the film and Hopper directed.
379
_TE
ETE. One might spend the summer (été) under the sun (le soleil) in Paris.
380
_SD
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
381
AL_
ALE. The brand most closely associated with ginger ale is Canada Dry. "Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale" was first formulated in 1904 by a Canadian chemist called John McLoughlin from Ontario. Prohibition in the United States helped sales of the drink as it was particularly effective in masking the taste of illegally-produced homemade liquor.
382
_ROS
EROS. As always seem to be the case, the Greek gods Eros and Aphrodite have overlapping spheres of influence. Aphrodite was the goddess of love between a man and a woman, but Eros was the god who stirred the passions of the male.
383
ET_
ETE. 'Août' is the French for August, and 'juillet' is French for July (note that the name of months aren't capitalized in French). Both are months in the season of 'été' (summer).
384
E_E
ETE. In French, spring (printemps) is followed by summer (été).
385
S_L
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" in 1975, under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to pull together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
386
A_N
ANN. Ann Davies knew Mitt Romney way back in elementary school, and the pair started dating when Ann was 16 and were married in 1968 when she was 19 years old. Ann Romney was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1998, and she has been very active with the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
387
A_IA
ARIA. 'O Silver Moon' is an aria from 'Rusalka'. 'Rusalka' is an opera by Czech composer Antonín Dvořák. In Slavic mythology, a 'Rusalka' is a water sprite.
388
RA_
RAE. John Rae was a Scottish explorer, who took on the task of searching for the ill-fated Franklin Expedition of 1845. The Franklin Expedition was itself searching for the elusive Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific. John Rae created much controversy back in England when he reported evidence of cannibalism among the ill-fated Franklin explorers.
389
ES_
ESP. Telesthesia is a type of extrasensory perception (ESP) that operates over long distances. Someone who is purported to have such a gift has a sensibility to sights an sounds that beyond the range of the sense organs.
390
_ROS
EROS. Saint Valentine's Day was introduced by Pope Gelasius I in 496 AD to honor various martyrs with the name Valentine. However, the saint's' day was dropped by the Roman Catholic church in 1969, by Pope Paul VI. Try telling that to Hallmark though ...
391
E_EN
EDEN. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
392
S_L
SNL. 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL)
393
_NT
TNT. TNT might be used bust (blow up) rock.
394
AR_
ARI. The Arizona Cardinals were founded in 1898 as the Chicago Cardinals. That makes the Cardinals the oldest, continuously-run professional football team in the whole country.
395
O_O
ONO. John Lennon and Yoko Ono had a very public honeymoon in a hotels in Amsterdam and then Montreal, when they staged their famous "bed-in" for peace. In answering questions from reporters Lennon found himself often repeating the words "give peace a chance". While still in bed, he composed his famous song "Give Peace a Chance" and even made the original recording of the song in the Montreal hotel room, with reporters present, and with a whole bunch of friends. The song was released later in 1969 and became a smash hit.
396
A_I
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky, changing his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali was presented with a gold medal during those '96 Games, a replacement for the medal he won at the 1960 Olympics. He had thrown the original into the Ohio River as a gesture of disgust after being refused service at a "whites only" restaurant.
397
_RA
NRA. The Eddie Eagle program was introduced by the National Rifle Association and is designed to train children to avoid causing harm if they encounter a firearm. The basic mantra of the program is 'Stop, don't touch, run away, tell a grown-up'.
398
ET_
ETE. Ete is French word for the season of "summer". The reference here to Paris burning is a play on the title of a successful 1990 documentary film called "Paris is Burning", a film about the gay and trans-gender Ball Competitions of New York city.
399
EL_
ELS. The Chicago "L" is the second largest rapid transit system in the US, with the New York City Subway being the largest. The "L" is also the second oldest, again with the New York Subway system having the honor of being around the longest. Note that the official nickname for the system is the "L" (originally short for "elevated railroad"), although the term "El" is also in common use (especially in crosswords as "ELS"). The L is managed by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA).
400
A_A
ANA. Santa Ana is the county seat of Orange County, California and takes its name from the Santa Ana River that runs through the city.
401
R_E
RAE. "Norma Rae" is a 1979 movie starring Sally Field as Norma Rae Webster in a tale of union activities in a textile factory in Alabama. The film is based on the true story of Crystal Lee Sutton told in a 1975 book called "Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance".
402
_ROS
EROS. Eros was the Greek god of love, the Greek counterpart of the Roman god Cupid.
403
_RIE
ERIE. The Battle of Lake Erie was fought during the War of 1812 just off the Ohio coast. The outcome of the action was a defeat for the British and control of Lake Erie for the remainder of the war.
404
N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
405
EP_
EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
406
_DEN
EDEN. According to the Book Of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers, including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
407
_RIE
ERIE. The Erie Canal runs from Albany to Buffalo in the state of New York. What the canal does is allow shipping to proceed from New York Harbor right up the Hudson River, through the canal, and into the Great Lakes. When it was opened in 1825 the Erie Canal had immediate impact on the economy of New York City and locations along its route. It was the first means of "cheap" transportation from a port on the Atlantic seaboard into the interior of the United States. Arguably it was the most important factor contributing to the growth of New York City over competing ports such as Baltimore and Philadelphia. It was largely because of the Erie Canal that New York became such an economic powerhouse, earning it the nickname of the Empire State.
408
S_L
SNL. NBC first aired a form of "Saturday Night Live" (SNL) in 1975 under the title "NBC's Saturday Night". The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from "The Tonight Show". Back then "The Tonight Show" had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to put together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call "Saturday Night Live".
409
_IO
RIO. 'That Night in Rio' is a 1941 musical comedy starring Alice Faye, Carmen Miranda and Don Ameche.
410
ST_
STE. Suite (ste.)
411
RN_
RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an essential catalyst in the manufacture of proteins in the body. The genetic code in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids that make up each protein. That sequence is read in DNA by messenger RNA, and amino acids are delivered for protein manufacture in the correct sequence by what is called transfer RNA. The amino acids are then formed into proteins by ribosomal RNA.
412
_MU
EMU. The emu has had a tough time in Australia since man settled there. There was even an "Emu War" in Western Australia in 1932 when migrating emus competed with livestock for water and food. Soldiers were sent in and used machine guns in an unsuccessful attempt to drive off the "invading force". The emus were clever, breaking their usual formation and adopting guerrilla tactics, operating as smaller units. After 50 days of "war", the military withdrew. Subsequent requests by farmers for military help were ignored. The emus had emerged victorious ...
413
A_I
ALI. Ali G is a fictional character created by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. Baron Cohen achieved international fame playing another of his personae, Borat, the protagonist in the 2006 movie "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan".
414
_LS
ELS. Ernie Els is a South African golfer. Els a big guy but he has an easy fluid golf swing that has earned him the nickname "The Big Easy". He is a former World No. 1 and won four majors: the US Open (1994 & 1997) and the British Open (2002 & 2012).
415
ON_
ONO. Ono is the name given in Hawaii to the fish better known as the wahoo.
416
ER_S
EROS. Eros, the Greek god of love, was also known as Amor.
417
N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born", when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
418
O_LO
OSLO. The Oslo Accords grew out of secret negotiations between the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel in a residence in Oslo in the early nineties. The delegates shared the same house while they conducted 14 meetings. While eating all their meals together at the same table, the negotiators came to respect one another and apparently friendships developed.
419
ER_S
EROS. Libido is a term first popularized by Sigmund Freud. His usage was more general than is understood today, as he used libido to describe all instinctive energy that arose in the subconscious. Freud believed that we humans are driven by two desires, the desire for life (the libido, or Eros) and the desire for death (Thanatos). Personally, I don't think so ...
420
_LE
ALE. Suds (beer) in Bath (a city in England) might be ale.
421
E_O
ENO. The musician Brian Eno co-created 'Oblique Strategies' in 1975. We're not talking about a musical album here, but rather a deck of printed cards. Each card contains a cryptic remark that is designed to encourage lateral thinking, the idea being to break a creative block. Examples of phrases on the cards are:
422
O_O
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the Emperors of Japan. Her father moved around the world for work, so she lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan, then moved onto New York, Hanoi and back to Japan just before WWII. Yoko was living in Tokyo at the time of the great fire-bombing of 1945. Immediately after the war, the family was far from prosperous. While her father was being held in a concentration camp in Vietnam, Yoko's mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. But, when her father returned, life started to return to normal. Yoko was able to attend university, the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin Univeristy.
423
AR_A
ARIA. Aria is one of the newer casinos on the Las Vegas Strip. 'Popular Mechanics' magazine described Aria as 'the most technologically-advanced hotel ever built'.
424
E_A
ETA. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
425
ET_
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek (Hellenic) alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H".
426
ET_
ETA. Expected time of arrival (ETA)
427
_NT
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
428
R_O
RIO. Even though the 2016 Olympic Games is a 'summer' competition, it will be held in Rio de Janeiro in the winter. As Rio is in the southern hemisphere, the planned date of the opening of 5th August 2016 falls in the local season of winter. The 2016 games will also be first to be held in South America, and the first to be hosted by a Portuguese-speaking country.
429
E_O
ENO. 'Warszawa' is a song written by David Bowie and Brian Eno, released in 1977. 'Warszawa' is the Polish word for 'Warsaw'.
430
EP_
EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
431
NE_
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
432
E_I
ELI. The inventor Eli Whitney is a best known for inventing the cotton gin. Whitney also came up with the important concept of 'interchangeable parts'. Parts that are interchangeable can be swapped out of equipment or perhaps used in related designs.
433
_RIE
ERIE. Erie is a city in the very north of Pennsylvania, right on the southern shore of Lake Erie. The city takes its name from the Erie Native American tribe that resided in the area.
434
_RA
NRA. The National Rifle Association (NRA) used the slogan 'I'll give you my gun when you pry it from my cold, dead hands'. These words became quite famous when they were used at an NRA convention in 2000 by Charlton Heston, who was then president of the NRA. Heston ended a speech he made with the words 'From my cold, dead hands!' while holding up into the air a replica of a Sharps rifle.
435
E_U
EMU. Emu eggs are very large, with a thick shell that is dark-green in color. One emu egg weighs about the same as a dozen chicken eggs.
436
EPE_
EPEE. There are three fencing events in the modern Olympics, distinguished by the weapon used:
437
ET_
ETA. Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
438
AL_
ALI. In the folk tale 'Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves', the title character is a poor woodcutter who discovers the magic words 'Open Sesame' that open the thieves' den.
439
_SLO
OSLO. Oslo is the capital of Norway. The city of Oslo burns trash to fuel half of its buildings, including all of its schools. The problem faced by the city is that it doesn't generate enough trash. So, Oslo imports trash from Sweden, England and Ireland, and is now looking to import some American trash too. Oslo is also a large city with a relatively small population. As a result, about two-thirds of the city's land area comprises protected forest, hills and lakes.
440
I_A
IRA. 'Óglaigh na hÉireann' translates from Irish as 'soldiers of Ireland'.
441
_SP
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
442
_NL
SNL. The list of successful alums of 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL) includes, to name but a few:
443
_SD
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
444
_AE
RAE. Corinne Bailey Rae is a British singer from Yorkshire.
445
O_LO
OSLO. Oslo is an ancient city, founded around 1048. The medieval city was destroyed by fire in 1624 and was rebuilt by the Danish-Norwegian King Christian IV and renamed Christiana. In 1877, there was an official change of the name's spelling to Kristiana, and then more recently in 1925 the name was restored to the original Oslo. Things have gone full circle, as the center of Oslo, the area that would have been contained by the original medieval walls, has recently been renamed Christiana.
446
N_E
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
447
SN_
SNL. NBC first aired a form of 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL) in 1975 under the title 'NBC's Saturday Night'. The show was actually created to give Johnny Carson some time off from 'The Tonight Show'. Back then 'The Tonight Show' had a weekend episode, and Carson convinced NBC to pull the Saturday or Sunday recordings off the air and hold them for subsequent weeknights in which Carson needed a break. NBC turned to Lorne Michaels and asked him to put together a variety show to fill the vacant slot, and he came up with what we now call 'Saturday Night Live'.
448
EP_
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was set up during the Nixon administration, and began operation at the end of 1970.
449
S_E
STE. Sainte: the French word for a female saint.
450
_SP
ESP. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
451
_RIE
ERIE. ERIE/EIRE
452
_PA
EPA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was set up during the Nixon administration and began operation at the end of 1970.
453
_RA
ERA. Earned run average (ERA)
454
_LI
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky, changing his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali was presented with a gold medal during those '96 Games, a replacement for the medal he won at the 1960 Olympics. He had thrown the original into the Ohio River as a gesture of disgust after being refused service at a "whites only" restaurant.
455
E_EN
EDEN. Sir Anthony Eden served as Britain's Foreign Secretary during WWII, and then as Prime Minister from 1955-57. I think it's fair to say that he doesn't have a great reputation as a statesman. He was proud of his stance in favor of peace over war, so his critics characterized him as an appeaser. His major stumble on the world stage occurred with the Suez Crisis in 1956. Egypt's President Nasser unilaterally nationalized the Suez Canal causing war to be declared on Egypt by Britain, France and Israel. Within a few months political pressure from the US and the USSR caused the allies to withdraw, bolstering Egypt's national reputation. Eden never recovered from the loss of face at home, and it is felt that the stress even affected his health. Eden resigned in January 1957.
456
R_O
RIO. Rio' is a 2011 animated movie about a male blue macaw who is brought to mate with a female blue macaw in Rio de Janeiro, hence the movie's title. Fans can go see 'Rio 2' that was released in 2014.
457
ERO_
EROS. Cupid is the god of desire and erotic love in Roman mythology. The Greek counterpart of Cupid is Eros.
458
EDE_
EDEN. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve lived in a garden "in" Eden, with Eden being geographically located by reference to four rivers including the Tigris and the Euphrates. Some scholars hypothesize that Eden was located in Mesopotamia, which encompasses much of modern-day Iraq.
459
_MU
EMU. Even though emu meat is classified as a red meat because of its color, it has a fat content that is comparable to other poultry.
460
EN_
ENS. An ensign is the most junior rank of commissioned officer (usually) in the armed forces. The name comes from the tradition that the junior officer would be given the task of carrying the ensign flag.
461
AR_
ARI. Ari Shavit is a journalist and writer from israel. His historical nonfiction book 'My Promised Land' was a New York Times Best Seller in 2013.
462
_BE
ABE. The US one-cent coin has borne the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of Lincoln's birth. Fifty years later, a representation of the Lincoln Memorial was added to the reverse side.
463
_RA
ERA. BCE can stand for:
464
_RIA
ARIA. Aria is one of the newer casinos on the Las Vegas Strip. 'Popular Mechanics' magazine described Aria as 'the most technologically-advanced hotel ever built'.
465
_NA
ANA. The Santa Ana winds are the very dry air currents that sweep offshore late in the year in Southern California. Because these air currents are so dry, they are noted for their influence over forest fires in the area, especially in the heat of the fall. The winds arise from a buildup of air pressure in the Great Basin that lies between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Under the right conditions, that air spills over the peaks of the Sierra Nevada and basically "falls" down the side of the Sierra range, heading for the ocean. As the air falls it becomes drier and heats up so that relative humidity can fall to below 10% by the time it hits the coast.
466
A_I
ARI. "Exodus" is a wonderful novel written by American writer Leon Uris, first published in 1947. The book was incredibly well received by the public, and is the second biggest best seller in the US, after "Gone with the Wind". The hero of the piece is Ari Ben Canaan, played by Paul Newman in the 1960 film adaptation directed by Otto Preminger.
467
RA_
RAE. Charlotte Rae is an American actress, best known for playing the character Edna Garrett on two sitcoms from the seventies and eighties: "Diff'rent Strokes" and "The Facts of Life". Towards the end of the series, the Edna Garrett character operated her own gourmet food shop called 'Edna's Edibles'.
468
N_A
NRA. The NRA is the National Rifle Association, an organization that has been around since 1871. The group has had some celebrity presidents, including US President Ulysses S. Grant. It's often said that the NRA is the most powerful lobbying group in Washington.
469
EPE_
EPEE. The French word for sword is épée.
470
T_T
TNT. TNT is an abbreviation for trinitrotoluene. Trinitrotoluene was first produced in 1863 by the German chemist Joseph Wilbrand, who developed it for use as a yellow dye. TNT is relatively difficult to detonate so it was on the market as a dye for some years before its more explosive properties were discovered.
471
E_S
ENS. Ensign is (usually) the most junior rank of commissioned officer in the armed forces. The name comes from the tradition that the junior officer would be given the task of carrying the ensign flag.
472
ER_
ERA. Cy Young was a pitcher in the major leagues from 1890-1911. He is known for pitching the first perfect game of baseball's modern era. Soon after he died in 1955, the Cy Young Award was created to honor the best pitcher of a particular baseball season.
473
ER_E
ERIE. Buffalo is the second most-populous city in the state of New York. The city takes its name from Buffalo Creek that runs through the metropolis (although the waterway is called Buffalo River within the city). The source of the name Buffalo Creek is the subject of much speculation, but one thing is clear, there were never any bison in the area.
474
I_A
IRA. Nice clue ... I have to tell you, when I first came to the US from Ireland, it was pretty confusing seeing big signs along the freeway touting contributions to the IRA! Back in Ireland, that was pretty illegal (where IRA means the Irish Republican Army).
475
_LI
ELI. Eli Roth is one of a group of directors of horror movies known quite graphically as "The Splat Pack". I can't stand "splat" movies and avoid them as best I can. Roth is also famous for playing Donny Donowitz in the Quentin Tarantino movie "Inglourious Basterds", a good film I thought, if you close your eyes during the gruesome bits.
476
A_E
ABE. The US one-cent coin has borne the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of Lincoln's birth. Fifty years later, a representation of the Lincoln Memorial was added to the reverse side.
477
RN_
RNA. Nucleobases are molecules that form the backbone of DNA and RNA chains. It is the sequence of these bases in the DNA chain that makes up the so-called "genetic code". In DNA the four bases are adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. The same bases are found in RNA, except that thymine is replaced by uracil.
478
_TA
ETA. Eta is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, and is a forerunner of our Latin character "H". Originally denoting a consonant, eta was used as a long vowel in Ancient Greek.
479
_PA
EPA. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
480
E_I
ELI. Eli is the nickname for a graduate of Yale University, a term used in honor of the Yale benefactor Elihu Yale.
481
ET_
ETE. In French, one might toast, get overheated, in the 'été' (summer).
482
_RA
ERA. The pitching stat, earned run average (ERA), measures how many runs a pitcher tends to give up per nine innings.
483
A_I
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. He changed his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali won a gold medal in the 1960 games which he threw into the Ohio River after being refused service at a "whites only" restaurant. He was presented with a replacement medal during the 1996 Games.
484
ARI_
ARIA. "Diva" comes to us from Latin via Italian. "Diva" is the feminine form of "divus" meaning "divine one". The word is used in Italy to mean "goddess" or "fine lady", and especially is applied to the prima donna in an opera. We often use the term to describe a singer with a big ego.
485
_LI
ELI. Eli Manning plays as quarterback for the New York Giants. Eli's brother Peyton Manning is quarterback for the Denver Broncos. Eli and Peyton's father is Archie Manning, who was also a successful NFL quarterback.
486
AN_
ANA. Ana Gasteyer is an actress best known for being a cast member of "Saturday Night Live" from 1996 to 2002. Gasteyer was famous on SNL for playing Martha Stewart ... topless!
487
_SD
LSD. LSD (colloquially known as 'acid') is short for lysergic acid diethylamide. A Swiss chemist called Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 in a research project looking for medically efficacious ergot alkaloids. It wasn't until some five years later when Hofmann ingested some of the drug accidentally that its psychedelic properties were discovered. Trippy, man ...
488
O_O
ONO. Yoko Ono was born into a prosperous Japanese family, and is actually a descendant of one of the emperors of Japan. Her father moved around the world for work and she lived the first few years of her life in San Francisco. The family returned to Japan before moving on to New York, Hanoi and back to Japan just before WWII, in time to live through the great fire-bombing of Tokyo in 1945. Immediately after the war the Ono family was far from prosperous. While Yoko's father was being held in a prison camp in Vietnam, her mother had to resort to begging and bartering to feed her children. When her father was repatriated, life started to return to normal and Yoko was able to attend university. She was the first woman to be accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University.
489
_TE
STE. 'Sainte' (ste.) is French for 'saint', when referring to a female.
490
_NN
ANN. Ann Radcliffe was an English author, one of the first to develop what became the Gothic novel. One of her most successful titles was "The Romance of the Forest" published in 1791. Her 1794 title "The Mysteries of Udolpho" supposedly provided inspiration for Jane Austen's "Northanger Abbey".
491
_MU
EMU. Emu eggs are very large, with a thick shell that is dark-green in color. One emu egg weighs about the same as a dozen chicken eggs.
492
NE_
NEE. "Née" is the French word for "born" when referring to a female. The male equivalent is "né".
493
E_I
ELI. Eli Lilly is the largest corporation in the state of Indiana. The founder, Eli Lilly, was a veteran of the Union Army in the Civil War, and a failed Mississippi plantation owner. Later in life he returned to his first profession and opened a pharmaceutical operation to manufacture drugs and sell them wholesale. Under Lilly's early guidance, the company was the first to create gelatin capsules to hold medicines and the first to use fruit flavoring in liquid medicines.
494
A_I
ALI. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. was born in 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. Clay changed his name to Muhammad Ali when he converted to Islam in 1964. Who can forget Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame for the 1996 games in Atlanta? Ali was presented with a gold medal during those '96 Games, a replacement for the medal he won at the 1960 Olympics. He had thrown the original into the Ohio River as a gesture of disgust after being refused service at a "whites only" restaurant.
495
TN_
TNT. TNT stands for Turner Network Television. It made a big splash in the eighties when it started to broadcast old MGM movies that had been "colorized", not something that was a big hit with the public. In recent years, the TNT programming lineup is governed by the tag-line "We Know Drama", and includes shows like "Judging Amy", "ER" and "Cold Case".
496
_RR
ORR. Bobby Orr is regarded as one of the greatest hockey players who ever played the game. By the time he retired in 1978 Orr had undergone over a dozen knee surgeries. At 31 years of age, he concluded that he just couldn't skate any more. Reportedly, he was even having trouble walking ...
497
A_A
ANA. All Nippon Airways (ANA) is a Japanese airline, second in size only to Japan Airlines (JAL).
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S_L
SNL. 'Saturday Night Live' (SNL).
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_NT
TNT. TNT stands for Turner Network Television. The TNT cable channel made a big splash in the eighties when it started to broadcast old MGM movies that had been "colorized", not something that was a big hit with the public. In recent years, the TNT programming lineup is touted with the tagline "We Know Drama", and includes shows like "Judging Amy", "ER" and "Cold Case".
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_TA
ETA. I think this clue and answers have something to do with college fraternities.
