lets talk anatomy Flashcards
what are the regions of the body?
→upper limb
-head
-root of neck
-thorax (chest)
-abdomen
-back
-axilla (armpit)
→lower limb
-pelvis and perineum
-inguinal region
describe anatomical position?
-standing
-facing forward (anteriorly)
-face and eyes looking anteriorly
-upper limbs by side
-feet together
-palms facing anteriorly
-toes pointing anteriorly
why is anatomical position important?
standardized/universal position
meaning of supine
lying on back (spine)
meaning of prone
lying on stomach
what are the planes of the body?
-saggital plane
-coronal plane
-transverse/axial/horizontal plane
what is the sagittal plane?
-vertical line
-divides the body into left/right
what is the coronal plane?
-vertical line
-divides the body into front(anterior)/back(posterior)
what is the transverse plane?
-horizontal line
-divides body into upper(superior)/lower(inferior)
meaning of anterior
front of the body
meaning of posterior
back of the body
opposite of posterior
anterior
meaning of medial
at/close to the midline
meaning of lateral
further away from the midline
opposite of medial
lateral
meaning of superior/cranial
closer to the top of the head
meaning of inferior/caudal
closer to the bottom of the feet
opposite of superior/cranial
inferior/caudal
meaning of proximal
closer to the attachment of the limb
meaning of distal
further away from the attachment of the limb
opposite of distal
proximal
meaning of superficial
closer to the surface of the body
meaning of deep
further away from the surface of th body
opposite of superficial
deep
meaning of external
further from centre of body/organ
meaning of internal
closer to centre of body/organ
opposite of internal
external
meaning of major/minor
larger/smaller of structure with the same name
dorsal meaning
back of the body
ventral meaning
front of the body
dorsal: wrist
posterior surface of wrist
dorsal: hand
posterior surface of hand
dorsal: tongue
superior surface of tongue
dorsal: foot
superior surface of foot
opposite of dorsal: wrist
volar→anterior surface of wrist
opposite of dorsal: hand
palmar→anterior surface of hand
opposite of dorsal: tongue
ventral→inferior surface of tongue
opposite of dorsal: foot
plantar→inferior surface of foot
meaning of unilateral
normally found on ONE side of the body
meaning of bilateral
normally found on both sides of the body→right/left
meaning of midline
structure located at/close to midline
meaning of ipsilateral
-same side of the body as the other structure/location it is being compared to
meaning of contralateral
-opposite side of the body as the other structure/location it is being compared to
meaning of flexion
decreasing angle between bones at joint
meaning of extension
increasing angle between bones at joint
meaning of abduction
movement away from median plane
meaning of adduction
movement toward median plane
meaning of internal medial rotation
anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane
meaning of external lateral rotation
anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane
meaning of circumduction
circular movement at a joint
meaning of dorsiflexion
dorsal surface of the foot moves superiorly
meaning of plantarflexion
plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly
meaning of eversion
sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane such that the sole faces laterally
meaning of inversion
sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane so that the sole faces medially
meaning of pronation
anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly (internal rotation)
meaning of supination
forearm rotates from the pronated position back into the anatomical position
(bowl of soup)
meaning of semi-prone
the position of the hand and forearm halfway between the supine and prone positions
meaning of lateral flexion
movement of spine to side (right or left)
meaning of elevation of shoulders
superior movement
meaning of depression of shoulders
inferior movement
meaning of protraction of jaw/shoulders
anterior movement
meaning of retraction of jaw/shoulders
posterior movement
