Lessons for midterm Flashcards
It is the primary stage of engaging with art. For most art forms, the beginning of engagement is through looking at the artwork. The eyes play a big role in mechanically making a vision possible.
perception
The awareness in the process of looking where_______ is essential in navigating through the artwork
Subjectivity
is illustrated in the way that selective perception renders one or two details more prominent than others, prompting the viewer to focus on some details as essential or as standouts. Even the disposition or mood of the viewer, his education, his background, and his exposure to varying contexts contribute to what information is taken in and how they are interpreted.
Subjectivity
What are the 3 basic components of art
Subject
Content
Form
the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork
Subject
the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork.
Content
the development and configuration of the artwork– how the elements and the medium or material are put together
Form
What are the types of subject
Representational Art
Non-Representational Art
these types of art have subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real world. Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the name suggests, the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher.
Representational Art
“MONA LISA” done by Leonardo da Vinci is an example of _________ art since there is a consensus that this painting is based on a real person.
Representatonal Art
These are often favored because they are easier to recognize. Viewers find a greater degree of comfort when what they see registers as something familiar.
Representational Works
does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event.
Non-representational Art
Jackson Pollock is known for _____
Action Paintings
One source of confusion is the notion that nonrepresentational art is the same as _______
Abstract Art
is in itself a departure from reality, but the extent of that departure determines whether it has reached the end of the spectrum,
Abstract Art
a complete severance from the world.
Non representationality
A proponent of non-representational art was Russian artist _________. Although his chosen art form was paintings, he likened non-representational art to music, an art form that he was also very keen to.
Vasily Kandinsky
He asserted that with sounds, musicians are also able to to evoke imagery in their listeners or audiences.
Vasily Kandinsky
It is therefore not surprising that a lot of Vasily Kandinsky paintings are inspired by music and are titled as _______, __________ and _________.
Impression, Improvisation and Composition.
It is an abstract work of Pablo Picasso (known for his paintings, he also dabbed into other works including sculptures.)
Head of a woman, mougins (1962)
Even with the abstraction of the image, this work is arguably representational
Head of a woman, mougins (1962)
For __________, a higher level of perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully grasp the feeling, emotion, or concept behind the work.
Non-representational Art
It is perhaps easier to infer where the subject matter comes from if the artwork is an example of ______________. From the figures depicted in the artwork, there is already a suggestion as to its inspiration.
Representational Art
One of the possible source of inspiration is the ________.
Nature
What is the source of inspiration when artist explores diverse ways representing it from plants to animals; the qualities of bodies of water and the terrain of landmasses; and even the perceivable cycles and changing of seasons
Nature
He is an artist attuned with nature. Hesaw art and nature as inseparable and found solace and happiness in painting in it
Vincent Van Gogh
These refer to the episodes that transport the viewer to heroic encounters of Achilles and Aeneas; warnings about man’s folly like the vanity of Icarus; the wit and cunning of Odysseus; the beauty of Aphrodite and the athleticism of Myron.
Greek and roman mythology as another reference
It means they have multitude of gods and goddesses.
Polythesim
Stems from a belief in a lone creator of the universe or what is called as
Monotheism
pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it maybe extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another.
Factual Meaning
pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning. These are established through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study them.
Conventional Meaning
stems from the viewers’ or audiences’ circumstances that come into play when engaging with art.
Subjective meaning
The subject matter of this artwork suggest that this is an example of biblical art since it involves Adam as figured with an aged God arm stretched and their respective fingers appearing to be fixed at an impending contact.
Michelangelo’s “Creation of Adam”
This work is asserted by CONVENTIONAL MEANINGS since specific poses of God and Adam allude to the correspondence of the body and the COMMONLY held belief that man was created in the image and likeness of God.
Michelangelo’s “Creation of Adam”
It can also be found in the artwork as proposed by gynecologist Frank Lynn Meshberger
Subjective Meaning
An image and message were hidden in plain sight. The work can be aptly called “ __________________” for it brought to life that as God’s creation, the most important qualities imparted to man was intellect .This was seen in the painting with how the silhouette of God all seemingly align with the shape of the human brain
“ The Endowment of Adam”
It is one of the most significant ways in which we try to grapple with how the present unfolds.
Arts
He stated that “Art when really understood is the province of every human being.”
Robert Henri’s “The Art Spirit”
He becomes interesting to other people. He disturbs, upsets, enlightens and he open ways for better understanding. Where those who are not artists are trying to close the book he opens it,shows that there are more pages possible.”
Robert Henri
He stated that “the real controlling resource and the absolutely decisive factor of production is neither capital, not land not labor. It is knowledge. Instead of capitalist and proletarians, the classes of the post capitalist society are the knowledge workers and the service workers.”
Peter Drucker’s seminasl book “Post-Caspitalist Society”
One type of knowledge that fuels the 21st Century is ________
Creativity
underscored the significance of not only the discovery of the cave paintings, but also the paintings themselves.
The 1st episode of the video series “New Ways of Seeing”.
Asserted that “these first artists invented a way to get the three-dimensional world into two dimensions and attach value to their own ideas. And all of the history of art flows forth from this invention.”
Jerry Saltz
He is apparently referring to the first cave painters who painted images of animals, hunting scenes, and a variety of symbolic figures created during the Stone ages.
Jerry Saltz
The most integral development that allowed the identity of an “_______” to fully emerge is the systematization and sophistication that his world-the art world-has become.
Artist
The impulse to ________ is at the core of human civilization, much like the impulse to communicate through language. Early on, artists were embedded in the development of culture, and in turn, art was nurtured by the varying cultures in which it existed.
Create
The works produced varied from the __________ to those that explored a wide range of aesthetic possibilities. Artists created objects which are present in all of the affairs of man such as ornamentation in tools and other surfaces, weaving patterns in textiles, visual features and the design/plan for architectural structures and ritual and burial implements.
Prosaic (lacking beauty)
They even created places and spaces where communities may gather. Examples are numerous monuments and memorials such as infamous Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC. Cave paintings have an aura of mystery like the Pyramid of Giza, or have alluded comprehension like the Stonehenge.
Artists
fulfilled overlapping roles such as the draftsman, architects and engineers and even as the builder.
Craftsmen and builders
Example of an artwork which has an articulation of process is the _________ in Germany.
Cologne Cathedral
claiming the record as one of the longest construction projects to date
Cologne Cathedral
He started the project of Cologne Cathedral in 1248 but was only completed roughlt 600 years later
Gerhard Ryle
were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with rules, customs, rights and responsibilities.
Guilds
develops immense skill and expertise in his craft.
Artisans
craftsman would be open to hiring apprentices who would be under his instruction. In this guild, artistry and technology flourished under one roof.
Master Aritsan
Born in 1471, his father was a goldsmith and he was also an apprentice but later on shifted to Visual arts. His life was ripe with travels since it was customary to travel after completing an apprenticeship to gather more experience and knowledge.
Albretch Durer
He also published quite a number of books and treatises including those that talked about practical skills which would be useful to other artisans and craftsmen who dared to read it.
Albretch Durer
They first learned to depict religious images and scenes. Friars being non-artists themselves provided references the artists could use. Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint and engrave images for churches and public sites.
Artisans
It refers to a collective endeavor amongst enthusiasts and advocates who aimed to promote this art form through documentation, engagement, and appreciation of surviving ceiling paintings in more 60 churches in the Philippines
Project Kisame
Technology and heritage conservation occupied a substantial part of this project. One example of a Spanish Architecture that has been documented is the ___________, ________.
Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol
Built in 1822, the ceiling paintings were rendered trompe l’oeil style depicting biblical scenes
Church of the Most Holy Trinity
In 2003, it became a National Historical Landmark . This church was one of those heavily damaged during the devastating earthquake that rattled Bohol in 2013.The Bell tower was the only section of the structured which remained.
Church of the Most Holy Trinity
From the church, the next patrons of the arts were the new elite, the ______ or the middle class.
Ilustrados
Portrait paintings became a fad. Two other important genres for painting at that time were the _______ and _________.
Tipos del pais and letra y figuras
was watercolor paintings that showcased the different local inhabitants of the country in different garbs, and clues to their occupation and status
Tipos del pais
It is combined the principle of tipos del pais and incorporated it as a means to illustrate the letters of one’s name or surname.
Letra y Figuras
One key example that illustrated the systematization of art instruction- a combination of sorts of the guild and the art school- was the establishment of __________
Damian Domingo of the Academia de Dibujo.
This is known as the best tipos del pais painter, this school specialized in teaching the miniaturismo style of painting along with the tenets of classical European painting.
Damian Domingo of the Academia de Dibujo.
is an art showing a person in a serious motive and outlook while holding an object that tells about his/her power and status of living
Miniaturismo Style
The site that saw this shift was a very personal space for the artist himself, which is the _______.
Studio
The extension of the artist himself. Its model dates back from the Renaissance.
Artist Studio
There were those whose work stations were divided into two, the ______ and the ________.
studiolo and the bottega.
in _______, academies and art salons became popular as they did not only support the production of art but also the discourse around them.
France
During the beginning of _________, a compendium of events release the artists from the limitations that affected the way in which they produced their works which included the availability and portability of materials. (i.e., foldable easels and paint in tubes.) and the reliance on the wealthy patrons to place a commission.
Industrial Revolution
It was during this time where artists began to question the merits of stringent artistic training and education,
1800s
It was during this time where art was truly liberated from the traditions of the past. It was then that the artists found freedom to articulate their distinct aesthetic way of creative production
1900s
In the last century, some of the roles that have been existent since the beginning of art history have been properly dealt with and legitimized into a sophisticated network of relationships and exchanges. This network refers to the ________.
Art World
he asserted that “all artistic work , like all human activity, involves the joint activity of a number, often a large number, of people……..” This means that there are numerous people who either work in consent or dissension, and in doing so, continuously (re)define, (in)validate, maintain (or abolish),reproduce or circulate the “cultural category of art”.
Howard Becker’s Art Worlds (1982)
He stated that “ The work always show signs of cooperation. The forms of cooperation may be ephemeral (lasts in a short period of time), but often become more or less routine; producing patterns of collective activity we can call an art world.”
Howard Becker
These are very important because this implies that the art world does not only rely on ideas, sentiments, and aesthetic values, but also on skills that are professionalized, stratified, and more importantly, monetized. Example of multilevel platform where different players in art world is the international art fair like the Art Basel in Hong Kong.
Commercial Market Platforms
both of which can exist in either institutional or noninstitutional scenarios.
Adminitrative or Managerial Roles
is one of the most elusive of roles to pin down. Institutional ________ are typically affiliated with museums and galleries while independent or freelance curators have the leeway to move around various projects, platforms, art spaces in the multiplicity of terms
Curators
It is more of the interpretation and development of the artwork or the collection through establishing the significance, relationship and relevance of these materials. Some are the ability to research and write, as an arbiter of design and layout, and deciding for the display and hanging of materials for exhibition.
Curator
are those who initially assess and survey the artwork that collectors are interested in. It is their role to oversee the sale of the artwork, on behalf of the collector.
Buyers
may either be too busy or would rather keep his identity hidden.
Collectors
Establishes himself as someone who not only appreciates arts but knows art , understands its behavior and patterns, becoming a key player in making or breaking an artist’s career or shaping the course of a museum ‘s collection (through pledges of support and donations).
Collectors
They are becoming more well beyond extending their wallets.
Collectors
Those whose direct hand is in the distribution and circulation of the artworks through a variety of means, such as direct sales, through galleries, and the more recent player in the Philippines, auction houses.
Art Dealers
They are expected to have knowledge and insight including specialization in art form, style, medium or period; market trends; and even the interrelationships of other key players in the art world who will benefit from the circulation and distribution of the artwork he promotes.
Art Dealers
They are the main institutions that display, distribute, and circulate different artworks; however they behave in different ways
Museums and Galleries
are mandated to display artworks for the education of the public and the appreciation of these objects only.
Museums
display artworks for the purpose of selling art.
Galleries
What are the three production process
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
stage begins when the artist has an idea that he wants to express or communicate with audience
Preproduction
stage occurs when there is an execution of ideas of arts from the preproduction stage. Execution of art may take a variety of forms such as painting, sculpture, tapestry, photograph, film, a routine (dance), or a track or composition (music).
Production
This stage is the most drawn-out. Once an artwork is finished, it will then be decided on how it will be circulated not only in the art world but the may publics. Often, it enters into a new sphere, inside the domain of museums, galleries, performance halls, theaters and other art spaces where interaction can take place.
Postproduction
is one of the aspects of art that directly correlates with its composition and presumed finality of the artwork. It is the mode of expression in which the concept, idea or message is conveyed. It maybe concrete or tangible,such as paintings, sculptures, monuments and structures; or it maybe ephemeral or something transient,such as a track , a film or a performance.
Medium
It shows the level of familiarity with the medium being manipulated. It alludes to the necessity of additional tools or implements (hammer and chisel) or consideration of time and the specificity of the site of creation.
Techniques
She wrote that “exhibitions acts as the catalyst of art and ideas to the public; they represent a way of displaying and contextualizing art that makes it relevant and accessible to contemporary audiences……..” Therefore, it is apparent that exhibitions are not only of import to artists who rely on its being, but more so to the varied audiences who get to see them.
Anna Cline “Evolving Role of the exhibition and its impact on art and culture”
it reads that “exhibitions are strategically located at nexus where artists, their work, the arts institution, and many different publics intersect.”
Paula Marincola “What Makes a Great Exhibition?” (2006)
creates an opportunity in which the different roles in the art world get to meet, interact, and even enter into a discussion.
Exhibition
are also a good way to introduce the artwork.
Publications
may be long-term or permanent hangs, or it may be temporary or periodically changing. An artist may have a solo exhibition or may be included in a two-person showing or even a group ______
Exhibition
One of the most common measures in which artists and other creative producers are given incentives and honor for their work is through state-initiated and given awards and citations.
Awards and citation
The two major awards given to artists in the Philippines are the:
Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of National Artists)
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Awards)
It is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine Arts; namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts and architecture and allied arts.
Order of National Artists
It is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions.
Order of National Artists
He was the first recipient of this award. He is a painter who was touted as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” and was the sole awardee in the year 1972, a National Artist for Visual Arts.
Fernando Amorsolo
Some of the honors and privileges that a national artists awardee receives are the following:
- the rank and title
- medallion or insignia and a citation that will be read during the conferment;
- Cash awards and a host benefits;
- a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; and
- a place of honor and designated area during National state functions along with recognition or acknowledgement at cultural events.
It was created in 1992 under the RA No. 7355. Also under the jurisdiction of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA).
Gawad sa manlilikha ng bayan (GAMBA)
It was first conferred to three outstanding artists in music and poetry back in 1993. They are ________, a master of the Ambahan poetry; ________, a master of various traditional musical instruments of the Palawan people; and _____________, a master of the kutyapi and other instruments.
Ginaw Bilog
Masino Intaray
Samaon Sulaiman
The recipients’ practice may fall under the following categories; folk, architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, performing arts, literature, graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery and other artistic expressions of traditional culture
Gawad sa manlilikha ng bayan (GAMBA)
Some of the incentives accorded to the awardee are in GAMBA:
- a specially designed gold medallion
- an initial grant of P100,000 and P10,000 monthly stipend for life (later increased in P14,000
- benefits such as maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefits; and
- funeral assistance or tribute fir for a National Living Treasure.
