Lessons 5-8 Unit 3 Quiz

Question 1

How do bacteria grow?

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

One of the side effects of taking antibiotics is diarrhea. What does this tell you about your realtionship with bacteria?

Answer 2

• Your body is trying to get rid of the bacteria.
• The antibiotic is not only killing the bad bacteria, but the healthy ones in your colon.
• That good bacteria regulates water, so when you get diarrhea, you lose a lot of water.

Question 3

If penicillin interferes with the cell wall formation in bacteria, how come you can safely take it?

Answer 3

Penicillin only kills bacterial cells.

Question 4

When a macrolide destroys bacterial ribosomes, why does the bacteria die?

Answer 4

• Ribosomes build proteins in bacteria.
• Macrolides block bacteria from building proteins, so the bacteria cannot survive (since the proteins do all the cell’s work)

Question 5

When quinolones break bacterial DNA strands, why does the bacteria die?

Answer 5

• Quinolones also prevent the DNA strands from being repaired.
• Bacteria die and cannot reproduce because they don’t have intact DNA.

Question 6

4 steps to binary fission

Answer 6

1. Bacteria elongate and DNA replicates.
2. Organelle replication and cytoplasmic separation (separated chromosomes move to either side of the cell)
3. The cell membrane pinches the parent cell.
4. 2 daughter cells are formed, each with identical DNA

Question 7

How long does it take for one bacterium to reproduce?

Answer 7

20 min

Question 9

What type of graph is the change of population growth in bacteria?

Answer 9

exponential

Question 10

If you ran a simulation but let 4 different bacteria start in a random location, how will the proportion of each of these variations compare at the end? Will it remain close to 25%? Why?

Answer 10

The percentages will vary if the different bacteria are placed in random locations.

It probably will not be close to 25% because it all depends on how close the starting bacterium is to the corners and to other bacteria (as they need space to grow).

Question 11

Why is there more variation in the distribution of trait variations when we let the bacteria start in random places?

Answer 11

Since the bacteria started in random places, some bacteria took up more space than others because they started more in the middle, rather than the sides.

Question 12

What is causing outcompeting between bacteria?

Answer 12

Space; some have more space, so they grow more

Question 13

What is the role of space in competition between bacteria?

Answer 13

more space = more bacteria reproduce

less space = less bacteria will reproduce

Question 14

What is the graph in Lesson 5 missing?

Answer 14

The representation of growth in between doses (a couple of hours)

Question 15

How would the reproduction and repeated doses of antibiotics affect the size of a bacteria population?

Answer 15

It will fluctuate because the reproduction increases the pop. and the doses of antibiotic decrease the pop.

Question 16

How much does 1 bacteria reproduce in 1 hr?

Answer 16

8

Question 17

Why should you finish all the prescribed antibiotic doses?

Answer 17

Because bacteria multiplies very quickly, so you can end up with increasing populations if you don’t finish all the doses.

if you take all the doses, it will most likely kill all the bacteria off.

Question 18

How is this relevant to Addie?

Answer 18

• Her doctors may have stopped the doses of antibiotics before it killed all the bacteria in her body, causing the bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotic.
• Overuse caused her to become pan-resistant to all antibiotics, therefore her illness couldn’t be killed.

Question 19

How does medicine work in your body?

Answer 19

goes through the circulatory system and gets transported through your blood all over your body

Question 20

IV and DV of ZOI experiment

Answer 20

IV - antibiotic doses

DV - number of bacteria colonies

Question 21

What is ZOI?

Answer 21

zone of inhibition

Question 22

What is the relationship between the ZOI and antibiotic resistance?

Answer 22

lower ZOI = more antibiotic resistance
higher ZOI = less antibiotic resistance

Question 23

What is the effect of a higher ZOI?

Answer 23

more bacteria were killed and the antibiotic was very effective

Question 24

How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 24

by coming into more contact with it

yields a lower ZOI because less bacteria died

Question 25

Is the close or far bacteria more resistant?

Answer 25

the close because it had a lower ZOI, meaning less bacteria died

Question 26

What is our data from L8 telling us?

Answer 26

bacteria are different in different environments

Question 27

Beta-Lactums

Answer 27

kills the bacteria’s cell wall (penicillin)

Question 28

Important Note:

Answer 28

all antibiotics must interact with the bacteria to work

Question 29

Why do hospitals have a lot of resistant bacteria?

Answer 29

because of constant exposure to cleaning substances, the bacteria in the hospitals become resistant to those substances and keep on reproducing until new cleaning supplies are used

Question 30

What is ECMO?

Answer 30

device Addie used for her lungs

Question 31

How is ECMO exposed?

Answer 31

exposed to the hospital floors, srufaces, etc.