lessons 3 Flashcards
an axial
(comprising skull vertebral column and rib cage)
appendicular
including shoulders, arms, hips and legs
Bones
the major components of the skeletal system, providing structure, support, and protection for the body.
Joints
the points at which bones connect, allowing for a range of movements
Cartilage
a flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints, providing cushioning and reducing friction.
Ligaments
fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support.
-osis
This suffix implies a condition, particularly an abnormal or diseased state.
Skeletal Muscle
voluntary muscles that attach to bones and aid movement. They’re under conscious control and can contract and relax as needed.
-plegia
this suffix refers to paralysis
-emia
the condition of blood
what kind of blood vessel transport blood away from the heart?
arteries
Larynx is also know as …
voicebox
Larynx (Voice Box)
the organ responsible for voice production. It also prevents food and drink from entering the trachea.
-stasis
stopping or controlling
Nasal Cavity
the first point of entry for air, where it is filtered, warmed, and humidified before it proceeds to the lower respiratory tract.
Pharynx is also
throat
what kind of blood vessel returns the blood back to the heart?
veins
what kind of blood vessel allow exchanges for nutrients and wastes to take place?
capillaries
Pharynx (throat)
This tube-like structure connects nasal cavities to larynxes and esophages and plays an integral part in moving air toward lung cavities while food travels into esophaguses.
Trachea (Windpipe)
the main airway leading to the lungs, where air is further filtered before reaching the lungs.
Trachea is also know as …
Windpipe
Bronchi
the main passages into the lungs that further branch into smaller bronchioles, leading air into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
Lungs
the primary organs of respiration where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.
digestive system
complex arrangement of organs and glands that are in charge of decomposing food into essential nutrients that our body utilizes for energy, growth, and the mending of cells. Additionally eradicates leftover substances.
The start of the digestive process begins where?
The start of the digestive process begins in the mouth, where mechanical and chemical breakdown of food begins.
Esophagus
The muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach, carrying food and liquids.
What do the stomach do?
This sac-like organ further breaks down food with the help of acids and enzymes.
What do the Small Intestine do ?
Most digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream occurs in this organ, which is made up of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
What do the large intestine (colon) do ?
This organ absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, transmitting the useless waste material from the body.
What are the Accessory Organs and do they help the digestive system?
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas aid digestion by producing and storing enzymes and substances necessary for food breakdown.
How are Initialisms and acronyms created?
created by using the first letters of a phrase or words to make a new term. ‘AIDS’ means Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, while ‘CPR’ refers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Latin abbreviations:
Certain abbreviations are derived from Latin, primarily used in prescriptions, like ‘q.d.’ for ‘quaque die’ (every day) and ‘b.i.d.’ for ‘bis in die’ (twice a day).
BPM
the number of times your heart beats in one minute
BMI
Body Mass Index measures body fat by using height and weight data as inputs into an equation that calculates an individual’s BMI index value.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
This obstructive lung condition causes long-term breathing issues.
UTI: Urinary Tract Infection
any infection to any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, bladder or urethra, that affects urine flow and disposal
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
The HIV virus can cause AIDS, a disease in humans where the immune system weakens, allowing dangerous infections and cancers to develop.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
An emergency procedure that combines chest compressions, often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
CPR stands for ?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
ICU: Intensive Care Unit
Department within hospitals where critically ill patients can receive care by specially-trained staff.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
medical technique that utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to produce highly-detailed images of the organs and tissues found within the body. It sends a powerful magnet to pass radio waves through the body.
MRI stands for ?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
HIV stands for ?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
COPD stands for ?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CT stands for ?
Computed Tomography
Computed Tomography
A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images and sends radiation through the body. It offers a higher level of detail, creating computerized, 360-degree views of the body’s structures.
CNS stands for ?
Central Nervous System: This comprises the brain and spinal cord.
GI is responsible for what ?
Gastrointestinal: refers to the organs responsible for digesting food and expelling waste, including the stomach and intestines.
CV stands for ?
Cardiovascular: related to the heart and blood vessels.
MSK stands for ?
Musculoskeletal: Pertains to muscles and bones.
ENT stands for ?
EARS, NOSE, THROAT.
otolaryngologist, treats your ears, nose, and throat but can also do surgeries on your neck and head.
RLL stands for ?
RIGHT LOWER LOBE: Refers to one of the lobes of the right lung
LUQ stands for and refers to ?
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT: Anatomical term, the quarter of the abdomen on the left side, closest to the ribs, and extending from the bottom of the ribs to the pubic bone.
RR stands for and does what ?
Respiratory Rate - The amount of breaths taken per minute.
GFR stands for ?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular Filtration Rate
A test used to check how well the kidneys are working by estimating how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute.
CBC stands for ?
Complete Blood Count
Complete Blood Count
A blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect a wide range of disorders.
ECG or EKG stands for ?
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram
A test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat.
X-ray also known as an?
a radiograph
How does X-RAY work?
It sends radiation through the body. Areas with high levels of calcium (bones and teeth) block the radiation, causing them to appear white on the image. Soft tissues allow the radiation to pass through. They appear gray or black on the image.
Cool facts about X-Ray
An X-ray is the fastest and most accessible form of imaging. It only takes a few minutes to complete.
X-RAYS can show ?
X-rays are ideal for spotting:
Fractures
Dislocations
Misalignments
Narrowed joint spaces
An X-ray won’t show subtle bone injuries, soft tissue injuries or inflammation. However, even if your doctor suspects a soft tissue injury like a tendon tear, an X-ray might be ordered to rule out a fracture.
MRI are good for ?
An MRI offers excellent contrast resolution for bones and soft tissues.
Useful for spotting sports injuries and musculoskeletal conditions, including:
Cartilage loss
Joint inflammation
Nerve compression
Spinal injuries
Torn or detached ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage, such as:
Meniscal tears
ACL injuries
Achilles tendon ruptures
Sprains and strains
Rotator cuff tears
CT is are good for ?
It makes them ideal for emergency situations.
CT scans can spot:
Blood clots
Bone fractures, including subtle fractures not visible on X-ray
Organ injuries
PET stands for ?
Positron Emission Tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET)
is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues. PET is actually a combination of nuclear medicine and biochemical analysis.
Positron emission tomography mostly used for?
Used mostly in patients with brain or heart conditions and cancer, PET helps to visualize the biochemical changes taking place in the body, such as the metabolism within body tissues.
USG or U/S stands for ?
Ultrasound
Ultrasound, sonography or ultrasonography
is a noninvasive imaging test that shows structures inside your body using high-intensity sound waves. Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time pictures or video of internal organs or other soft tissues, such as blood vessels.
ultrasound picture
sonogram
What are three kinds of ultrasound imaging ?
There are three main categories including:
Pregnancy ultrasound (prenatal ultrasound).
Diagnostic ultrasound.
Ultrasound guidance for procedures.
Pregnancy ultrasound (prenatal ultrasound)
Healthcare providers often use prenatal ultrasound to monitor the mother and the fetus during pregnancy.
Providers use to:
Confirm that you’re pregnant.
Check to see if you’re pregnant with more than one fetus.
Estimate how long you’ve been pregnant and the gestational age of the fetus.
Check the fetal growth and position.
See the fetal movement and heart rate.
Check for congenital conditions (birth defects) in the fetal brain, spinal cord, heart or other parts of its body.
Check the amount of amniotic fluid.
Providers use diagnostic ultrasounds for …
to view internal parts of your body to see if something is wrong or not working properly. They can help your provider learn more about what’s causing a wide range of symptoms, such as unexplained pain, masses (lumps) or what may be causing an abnormal blood test.
Providers use ultrasounds for …
to perform certain procedures precisely. A common use of ultrasound is to guide needle placement to sample fluid or tissue from:
Tendons.
Joints.
Muscles.
Cysts or fluid collections.
Soft-tissue masses.
Organs (liver, kidney or prostate).
Transplant organs (liver, kidney or pancreas).
Embryo transfer for in vitro fertilization.
Nerve blocks.
Confirming the placement of an IUD (intrauterine device) after insertion.
Lesion localization procedures.
BMP: Basic Metabolic Panel stands for ?
Basic Metabolic Panel
What is a basic metabolic panel (BMP) ?
is a blood test that measures eight different substances in your blood. The panel provides helpful information about your body’s chemical balance and metabolism.
Basic Metabolic Panel
measures the following substances in your blood:
Glucose, Calcium, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), Creatinine
also measures the following four electrolytes:
Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, Chloride.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
A type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart.
Creates a new path for blood to flow around a blocked or partially blocked artery in the heart. The surgery involves taking a healthy blood vessel from the chest or leg area. The vessel is connected below the blocked heart artery. The new pathway improves blood flow to the heart muscle.
CABG stands for ?
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
D&C: stands for ?
Dilation and Curettage
Dilation and Curettage
A procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus.
TURP stands for ?
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
TKR stands for ?
Total Knee Replacement
LAP stands for ?
Laparoscopy
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
A type of prostate surgery done to relieve moderate to severe urinary symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate.
Total Knee Replacement
A surgical procedure whereby the diseased knee joint is replaced with artificial material.
Laparoscopy
A surgical diagnostic procedure used to examine the organs inside the abdomen.
