Lessons 1-3: Metal reactions and Redox

Question 1

What is oxidation (in terms of oxygen)?

Answer 1

• This is the gain of oxygen.

Question 2

What is reduction (in terms of oxygen)?

Answer 2

• Reduction is the loss of oxygen.

Question 3

What are redox reactions?

Answer 3

• Redox reactions are ones that involve both reduction and oxidation.

Question 4

What metals, in reactivity series, can be extracted by heating with carbon (reduction)?

Answer 4

• Metals that are less reactive than carbon.
• ie. zinc, iron

Question 5

What metals need to be extracted by electrolysis on reactivity series?

Answer 5

• Metals more reactive than CARBON need to be extracted by electrolysis.

Question 6

Give 2 metals that are found INATE.

Answer 6

• Gold
• Silver

Question 7

Why are gold and silver found native?

Answer 7

They are unreactive so don’t react with other elements, forming a compound.

Question 8

What is oxidation (in terms of electrons)?

Answer 8

• Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Question 9

What is reduction, in terms of electrons?

Answer 9

• Reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 10

REDUCED/ OXIDISED

Cl₂ –> 2Cl⁻

Answer 10

• Reduced
• Gained electrons.

Question 11

What is an ore?

Answer 11

A naturally occuring rock where metal is concentrated enough to make extracting profitable.

Question 12

How is iron chemically separated from its ore?

Answer 12

• Heated with carbon in blast furnace.
• Iron oxide + carbon –> iron + carbon dioxide.

Question 13

What does a metal’s reactivity depend on?

Answer 13

• Depends on its tendency to form positive ions.

Question 14

Give the metals in reactivity series.

Answer 14

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, CARBON, zinc, iron, HYDROGEN, copper, silver, gold.

Question 15

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 15

• This is when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive meal from its compounds.

Question 16

What is formed when a metal and acid react?

Answer 16

Metal + Acid –> Metal salt + Hydrogen

Question 17

What does metal carbonate + acid form?

Answer 17

Metal carbonate + acid –> Metal salt + water + Carbon dioxide.

Question 18

What are the products of metal + water?

Group 1 and 2 metals

Answer 18

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen.

Question 19

What state are most metals found?

Answer 19

• As a compound (joined to other elements.)

Question 20

Q.)

Suggest how oxygen removes most of the carbon from molten iron. (2 marks)

Answer 20

• Oxygen will bond to the carbon.
• Forming carbon dioxide, which is released as a gas.

Question 21

Q.)

Suggest why different types of steel need to be made in production. (1)

Answer 21

• To give different properties for different uses.

Question 22

Q.)

Old 5p and 10p coins in the UK were made from cupro-nickel.
Cupro-nickel is 75% copper and 25% nickel.

New 5p and 10p coins in the UK are now made from nickel-plated steel and not from cupro-nickel.
Explain why. [2]

Answer 22

• Copper is very expensive
• Because copper ores are running out.

Question 23

What are the signs of a chemical reaction?

Answer 23

• Temperature change
• Bubbles produced.
• Colour change (from new substance formed)

Question 24

How do magneisum, zinc, iron and copper react with water?

Answer 24

• THEY DON’T.
• at room temperature

Question 25

How do potassium, sodium and lithium react with dilute acids?

Answer 25

• Dangerously fast reaction

Question 26

How does calcium react with dilute acid?

Answer 26

• Extremely vigorous reaction

Question 27

How does magnesium react with dilute acid?

Answer 27

• Rapid reaction

Question 28

How does zinc react with dilute acids?

Answer 28

• Quite a rapid reaction.

Question 29

How does copper react with dilute acids?

Answer 29

No reaction

Question 30

How does iron react with dilute acids?

Answer 30

• Quite slow reaction.

Question 31

What type of reaction is a metal + acid?

Answer 31

• This is a redox reaction