Lesson 1: Chromatography Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “chromatogram?”

A

A chromatogram is the dried result of soluble dyes travelling up the paper.

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2
Q

Why do you put a lid on the beaker?

A
  • To reduce solvent evaporation
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3
Q

What is the solvent front?

A
  • Marked point where the solvent rises to.
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4
Q

What are the 2 main types of solvents you use in chromotography?

A
  • Water
  • Ethanol
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5
Q

What is the Rf value?

A
  • The Rf value is the ratio of distance moved by the compound to the distance moved by solvent.
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5
Q

How do you calculate the Rf value ?

A

Rf = distance moved by chemical/ distance moved by solvent

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6
Q

How can you use Rf value to identify a chemical?

A
  • Look in a data book.
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7
Q

Why is it difficult to always find a chemical from its Rf value?

A
  • Many chemicals have the same Rf value.
  • If the chemical isn’t identified yet, it won’t be in the data book.
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8
Q

What would you have to do if the Rf value of an unknown chemical is the same as others?

A
  • Use a different solvent to narrow it down.
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9
Q

What is the “mobile phase”?

A
  • Moving part —> solvent
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10
Q

What is the “stationary phase”?

A
  • Stationary part —> paper
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11
Q

Why don’t you just measure the length from baseline to centre of compound when identifying a chemical?

A
  • The length depends on how long it’s been kept.
  • So you do a ratio
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12
Q

What will happen when a pure substance is used?

A
  • There will be a single dot.
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13
Q

What 2 factors affect the Rf value?

A
  • Solvent (mobile phase)
  • Paper (stationary phase)
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14
Q

Why are there sometimes different Rf values fo pure substances?

A
  • If you change the solvent/ paper, this will affect the Rf value.
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15
Q

What substance is the dot of ink on the baseline?

A
  • The unseparated ink is a mixture of compounds.
16
Q

What is “the mixture of compounds” separated into as it rises up the filter paper?

A
  • The “mixture of compound” is separated into compounds.
17
Q

What is a capilary tube?

A
  • A glass tube used to place ink dots.
18
Q

What is a pure substance?

A
  • Substance that contains only 1 type of chemical.
19
Q

Give 1 way I can improve this practical.

A
  • Ensure all the dots are the same diameter.