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The Art of Logic > Lessons 1-13 (for Test 1) > Flashcards

Lessons 1-13 (for Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is logic?

A

the RIGHT USE of REASON

a. when inquiring after/looking for truth and
b. when communicating truth to others

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2
Q

What is “natural” logic?

A

common sense; good judgment without learning

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3
Q

What are two major basic parts of logic?

A

(1) cure the mistakes of immature and hasty judgments

(2) guard us against our own baser tendencies

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4
Q

What are the FOUR OPERATIONS OF OUR MIND that we use when exercising our reason?

A

(1) Perception
(2) Judgment
(3) Argumentation
(4) Disposition

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5
Q

In logic, what is PERCEPTION?

A

Having a simple thought or idea.

The simple contemplation of things offered to our mind, without affirming or denying anything concerning them.

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6
Q

In logic, what is JUDGMENT?

A

When we join two or more ideas in our mind and either affirm or deny the truth of them.

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7
Q

What are other words for PERCEPTION?

A

Conception, apprehension

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8
Q

When we make a judgment and affirm or deny something, what is that resulting thought called?

A

a PROPOSITION

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9
Q

In logic, what is ARGUMENTATION?

A

Drawing a conclusion. When we infer one idea or proposition from two or more propositions we think through together.

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10
Q

What is a SYLLOGISM?

A

All the propositions of an argument put together.

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11
Q

In logic, what is DISPOSITION?

A

How our mind puts our ideas, propositions, and arguments about something into the best order so we can best understand them and explain them.

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12
Q

In logic, what is METHOD?

A

How we arrange our thoughts in the best order for our own understanding and memory and for the understanding and memory of the people we are explaining our argument to.

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13
Q

What is an IDEA?

A

Representation of a thing in one’s mind; or a thing simply contemplated in one’s mind

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14
Q

In logic, what is a THEME?

A

The object of our idea, whether or not is has a actual being at the moment we’re thinking of it.

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15
Q

In logic, what does it mean to say a being has an ESSENCE?

A

It means that being is considered as possible. The idea of that being or object can be known and thought about.

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16
Q

What is another word for ESSENCE?

A

Nature

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17
Q

What is true of a being or object when it actually has visible, tangible substance at that moment?

A

Then that being or object has EXISTENCE also, along with its essence/nature.

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18
Q

In logic, what is a SUBSTANCE?

A

A being which can subsist by itself without dependence on any other created being.

It cannot be annihilated, but its form, nature, and properties may change.

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19
Q

A substance also sometimes called body

A

Matter

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20
Q

A substance also sometimes called spirit

A

Mind

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21
Q

In logic, what are SIMPLE SUBSTANCES?

A

Spirits that have no “list of ingredients”.

22
Q

In logic, what are ELEMENTS?

A

Simple substances that cannot be reduced into two or more substances. They simply are what they are at a foundational level.

23
Q

In logic, what are COMPOUND SUBSTANCES?

A

Substances made up of two or more simple substances

24
Q

In logic, what are IMPERFECT IDEAS?

A

Ideas that are only partial or inadequate representations

25
Q

What kind of terms has a little “syllable of denying” joined to them? (for example un- or non- )

A

Negative terms

26
Q

2 Timothy 1:4, 6-8 says “we know that the law is good, if a many use it ________.”

A

lawfully

27
Q

What everyday object is a good metaphor for logic?

A

A map.

Logic is like a map in that it allows us to survey an object comprehensively.

28
Q

In logic, what is a VULGAR IDEA?

A

The most obvious, shallow, or common representation of an object.

29
Q

In the SECONDARY idea, what words should we avoid?

A

words that have obscene or unclean ideas

30
Q

In logic, what is it called when we come to a comprehensive conception of a thing by its several parts and relations?

A

Division

31
Q

We should always try to determine the true _________ of a word that a speaker or writer is using.

A

sense

32
Q

Three propositions taken together are called a ______________ or __________.

A

Syllogism; argument

33
Q

How does logic make things easier to be found out?

A

By RANKING all things under general and special heads.

34
Q

What type of term refers to when more words are used to signify one thing?

A

A COMPLEX term

35
Q

A collective idea represents things of what kind?

A

Things of the SAME kind.

36
Q

In divisions, we must consider what parts of the subject first?

A

The PRINCIPLE parts.

37
Q

What do dictionaries list?

A

The DISTINCTION of a name

38
Q

A definition should be ______ and _____.

A

Clear; concise

39
Q

What cannot subsist by itself, but must always belong to something else?

A

MODE

40
Q

What common, glass, object is a metaphor for how logic distributes ideas?

A

a PRISM - it splits and defines the colors of light in the same way logic can help distribute any extensive idea into different kinds

41
Q

What kinds of ideas have such little representation of an object that it can be confused with other things?

A

IMPERFECT ideas

42
Q

A compound idea unites what kinds of things?

A

DIFFERENT kinds of things

43
Q

The operation of the mind that draws a conclusion is called:

A

Argumentation or reasoning

44
Q

What things often deceive us?

A

passions, senses, imaginations, authority of men, and customs

45
Q

We should learn proper logic because many truths have ___________.

A

depth and/or difficulty

46
Q

All our ____________ is founded on our conceptions and ideas.

A

knowledge

47
Q

Is the secondary essential mode also called the “property”?

A

Yes. Secondary essential mode = property

48
Q

What would be the primary essential mode of a bowl?

A

Its roundness

49
Q

What would be an example of a bowl’s accidental mode?

A

smoothness, roughness, blackness, color, motion, etc…

50
Q

What would be the secondary essential mode of a bowl?

A

ability to roll, or how much it can hold (volubility)

The Art of Logic (2 decks)

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