lesson1

Question 1

Front: Name three major epidemics caused by infectious diseases throughout history.

Answer 1

Back: The Black Death, smallpox in the Americas, and the Spanish flu.

Question 2

Front: What percentage of global deaths are caused by infectious diseases?

Answer 2

Back: 26%.

Question 3

Front: Which diseases are the leading causes of death in children globally?

Answer 3

Back: Acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and measles.

Question 4

Front: What is a vaccine-preventable disease?

Answer 4

Back: An infectious disease for which an effective vaccine exists.

Question 5

Front: Who introduced the term “vaccine,” and what is its origin?

Answer 5

Back: Edward Jenner; the term comes from the Latin word vacca (cow)

Question 6

Front: What was the first disease successfully prevented by a vaccine?
.

Answer 6

Back: Smallpox

Question 7

Front: What is variolation?
i

Answer 7

Back: An early form of vaccination where individuals were exposed to smallpox material to develop immunity.

Question 8

Front: What did Edward Jenner discover about milkmaids and smallpox?

Answer 8

Back: Milkmaids exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox.

Question 9

Front: Which vaccines did Louis Pasteur develop?
.

Answer 9

Back: Vaccines for cholera, anthrax, and rabies

Question 10

Front: What advancements in the mid-20th century improved vaccine development?
.

Answer 10

Back: Laboratory methods for growing viruses

Question 11

Front: What is the difference between vaccination and immunization?

Answer 11

Back: Vaccination introduces an antigen, while immunization triggers an immune response.

Question 12

Front: What is the primary immune response?

Answer 12

Back: The initial, slower response to an antigen that produces antibodies over time.

Question 13

Front: How does the secondary immune response differ from the primary response?
.

Answer 13

Back: It is faster and stronger due to memory cells

Question 14

Front: What is passive immunization?
i

Answer 14

Back: Providing preformed antibodies for immediate protection.

Question 15

Front: What is active immunization?

Answer 15

Back: Administering a vaccine to stimulate the body’s immune system to produce antibodies.

Question 16

Front: What are IgM antibodies, and what is their role?

Answer 16

Back: The first antibodies produced during a primary immune response

Question 17

Front: How does IgG provide immunity to a fetus?

Answer 17

Back: It crosses the placenta to protect the fetus.

Question 18

Front: What is the role of IgA antibodies?

Answer 18

Back: Prevent pathogens from entering the body, especially in airways and the digestive tract.

Question 19

Front: What are IgE antibodies associated with?

Answer 19

Back: Allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

Question 20

Front: What is the function of IgD antibodies?

Answer 20

Back: Helps in developing immune responses and activating B cells.

Question 21

Front: Name two methods of vaccine preparation.

Answer 21

Back: Killed/inactivated pathogens and attenuated (weakened) pathogens.

Question 22

Front: What are adjuvants in vaccines?

Answer 22

Back: Substances that enhance the immune response.

Question 23

Front: What is the role of preservatives in vaccines?

Answer 23

Back: Ensures vaccine safety and prolongs shelf life.

Question 24

Front: What is the ultimate goal of vaccination programs?

Answer 24

Back: To eradicate or eliminate diseases.

Question 25

Front: What is selective vaccination?

Answer 25

Back: Targeting specific groups, such as travelers or healthcare workers.

Question 26

Front: What is mass vaccination?

Answer 26

Back: Vaccinating large populations to achieve herd immunity.

Question 27

Front: What is herd immunity?

Answer 27

Back: When a large portion of a population is immune, reducing disease spread.

Question 28

Front: Why is eradicating diseases like influenza challenging?

Answer 28

Back: Due to high mutation rates of pathogens.

Question 29

Front: How did vaccination reduce child mortality between 1990 and 2017?

Answer 29

Back: Deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases dropped from 5.1 million to 1.8 million.

Question 30

Front: Name a challenge of vaccination programs.

Answer 30

Back: Public resistance due to cultural, ethical, or medical concerns.