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vaccine > lesson 2 > Flashcards

lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Front:

What are the properties of an ideal vaccine?

A

Back:
• Lifelong immunity
• Broad protection against variants
• Rapid immunity induction
• Effective for all ages
• Minimal doses required
• Non-invasive administration
• Stable, affordable, and safe

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2
Q

Front:

What are the two main types of vaccines?

A

Back:
1. Whole-agent vaccines (e.g., attenuated or inactivated).
2. Subunit vaccines (e.g., recombinant, toxoids, conjugated).

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3
Q

Front:

What is a live attenuated vaccine (LAV)?

A

Back:

A vaccine created by weakening live microorganisms to make them avirulent but immunogenic.

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4
Q

Front:

What are examples of viral LAVs?

A

Back:

Oral polio vaccine (OPV), measles, and MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)

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5
Q

Front:

What is the mechanism of action for LAVs?

A

Back:

LAVs replicate in the body, stimulating a strong immune response.

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6
Q

Front:

What are the advantages of LAVs?

A

Back:
• Long-lasting immunity
• Indirect immunization
• Minimal doses needed
• Fewer allergic reactions
• Faster protection

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7
Q

Front:

What are the disadvantages of LAVs?

A

Back:
• Risk of reversion to virulence
• Strict storage requirements
• Unsuitable for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women

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8
Q

Front:

What are inactivated (killed) vaccines?

A

Back:

Vaccines produced by killing microorganisms through heat or chemicals, making them safe but less immunogenic.

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9
Q

Front:

What are examples of inactivated vaccines?

A

Back:

Salk polio vaccine, hepatitis A, rabies, influenza.

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10
Q

Front:

What are the advantages of inactivated vaccines?

A

Back:
• Safe and stable
• No risk of reversion
• Suitable for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women

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11
Q

Front:

What are the disadvantages of inactivated vaccines?

A

Back:
• Weaker immune response
• Requires multiple doses and boosters
• Shorter immunity duration

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12
Q

Front:

What are subunit vaccines?

A

Back:

Vaccines containing specific antigenic parts of the pathogen, essential for triggering immunity.

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13
Q

Front:

What are examples of subunit vaccines?

A

Back:

Hepatitis B (surface antigen), acellular pertussis, meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines.

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14
Q

Front:

What are conjugate vaccines?

A

Back:

Vaccines with polysaccharides chemically linked to proteins to enhance immune response, e.g., Hib vaccine.

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15
Q

Front:

What are toxoid vaccines?

A

Back:

Vaccines derived from detoxified bacterial exotoxins, e.g., diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.

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16
Q

Front:

What is the duration of protective immunity for cholera and BCG vaccines?

A

Back:
• Cholera: Short-term (months)
• BCG: 5 years or more

17
Q

Front:

Which vaccine provides 100% protection?

A

Back:

Yellow fever vaccine.

18
Q

Front:

What are absolute contraindications for vaccines?

A

Back:
• History of anaphylaxis
• Severe reactions to pertussis vaccination
• HIV infection (except for measles vaccine)

19
Q

Front:

What are temporary contraindications for vaccines?

A

Back:
• Pregnancy
• Severe illness requiring hospitalization
• Recent blood transfusion

20
Q

Front:

What are some conditions that are not contraindications to vaccination?

A

Back:
• Mild illness (e.g., colds, diarrhea)
• Allergies and asthma
• Premature birth
• Breastfeeding

21
Q

Front:

What are the vaccination recommendations for healthcare workers?

A

Back:

Hepatitis B, Influenza, MMR.

22
Q

Front:

What vaccines are recommended for veterinarians?

A

Back:

Rabies, plague, anthrax.

23
Q

Front:

What are the key vaccines for military personnel?

A

Back:

Pneumococcal, meningococcal, influenza, BCG, tetanus.

24
Q

Front:

What are vaccines for bioterrorism agents?

A

Back:

Anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, botulism, hemorrhagic fevers.

25
Q

Front:

What is passive immunization?

A

Back:

Providing antibodies directly (e.g., for immunocompromised individuals or post-exposure).

26
Q

Front:

What vaccines are suitable for pregnant women?

A

Back:

Inactivated vaccines like influenza and Tdap.

27
Q

Front:

What vaccines are recommended for travelers?

A

Back:

Hepatitis A, typhoid, yellow fever, cholera.

28
Q

Front:

What are the risks of live vaccines in pregnancy?

A

Back:

Theoretical risk of fetal infection; thus, not recommended.

29
Q

Front:

Why are multiple doses required for inactivated vaccines?

A

Back:

They elicit weaker immune responses and need boosters for sustained immunity.

vaccine (2 decks)

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