Lesson Two: Statistical Process & Design of Studies

Question 1

What are the five steps of the statistical process?

Answer 1

1. Design the study
2. Collect data
3. Describe the data
4. Make Inference
5. Take action

Question 2

Observational Study:

Answer 2

Researchers observe the response of individuals without controlling the conditions under which measurements are made.

Question 3

Design the study:

Answer 3

Researchers make a hypothesis, research the background, and decide which type of experiment will work best.

Question 4

Population:

Answer 4

The total collection of all individuals in a study.

Question 5

Collect data:

Answer 5

Make sure the collection process is pure and effective.

Question 6

Sample:

Answer 6

A subset (or portion) of the population.

Question 7

Describe the data:

Answer 7

Create graphs, calculate statistics, and visualize the data.

Question 8

Make inferences:

Answer 8

The process of using the information contained in a sample from a population to make a general statement about the entire population.

Question 9

Take action:

Answer 9

Act on the information learned in the study.

Question 10

Memory trick for five steps of the statistical process:

Answer 10

Daniel: Design the study
Can: Collect the data
Discern: Describe the data
More: Make inferences
Truth: Take action

Question 11

Control group:

Answer 11

A group of the sample in the study that are observed but not changed in the study. They provide a normal perspective/baseline.

Question 12

Treatment group:

Answer 12

Those in the study who are given a change to implement.

Question 13

Experiment:

Answer 13

Researchers control (to some extent) the conditions under which measurements are made.

Question 14

Designed experiment:

Answer 14

Researchers manipulate the conditions that the participants experience.

Question 15

Blind/double blind experiment:

Answer 15

When one or more groups in the study don’t know if they’re the control group or not.

Question 16

Census:

Answer 16

An examination of the entire possible population for the study.

Question 17

Sample:

Answer 17

A subset or a portion of a population.

Question 18

Inference:

Answer 18

A general statement about the population of a study based off of results from studying a sample.

Question 19

Sampling Risk:

Answer 19

The risk affiliated with not auditing every item in the population, that the sample may not adequately reflect the population.

Question 20

Random Selection:

Answer 20

Obtaining a sample randomly, usually with a random number generator.

Question 21

Sample size:

Answer 21

The number of items sampled.