Lesson: Nervous Part 1 - Previous Definitions

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

A type of neurotransmitter.

Question 2

Acetylcholine Receptor

Answer 2

A special type of carbohydrate that is present on skeletal muscle plasma membranes. When the chemical, acetylcholine attaches to it, chemical (ligand) gated channels open to allow ions to travel through.

Question 3

Active transport

Answer 3

Uses ATP to move substances through the plasma membrane.

Question 4

Brachial Region

Answer 4

The upper portion of the upper limb.

Question 5

Calcium Ions

Answer 5

One of the jobs of calcium ions is to “move” something. We learned that calcium ions move synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals. Calcium ions also move the tropomyosin off the troponin in skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 6

Carpal Region

Answer 6

Region of the wrist.

Question 7

Cervical Region

Answer 7

The area called the neck.

Question 8

Chemical (Ligand) Gated Channel

Answer 8

A protein channel in the plasma membrane that is opened when chemicals such as neurotransmitters attach to their receptors.

Question 9

Coccygeal Region

Answer 9

The area near the coccyx (the “tail” bone)

Question 10

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Answer 10

A strong connective tissue that contains many collagen fibers. We saw it in the dermis, tendons, ligaments, and now will see it on the outer portion of nerves.

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Skeletal muscle that is involved in respiratory system. Located between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

A passive transport process to move substances from high concentration to a low concentration without using ATP to move them.

Question 13

Electrolyte

Answer 13

An ion that is capable of producing electricity (voltage).

Question 14

Exocytosis

Answer 14

A type of membrane transport that involves vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane and releasing substances into the ECF.

Question 15

Femoral Region

Answer 15

Area on the thigh.

Question 16

Foramen magnum

Answer 16

“Hole” in the bottom of the skull in the occipital bone. Purpose is to allow the spinal cord to travel through to connect to the brain.

Question 17

Intervertebral foramen

Answer 17

“Holes” or “spaces” between each vertebra designed to let nerves pass through to join to the spinal cord.

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

A positive or negative charged molecule.

Question 19

Irritability (responsiveness)

Answer 19

The ability of a cell to detect a change in the environment and respond.

Question 20

Lumbar Region

Answer 20

The area on the lower back (also called the “small of the back”).

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Organelles in the cell that use oxygen and glucose to make ATP.

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

Cell duplication to produce two exact daughter cells. Process used for new cell growth.

Question 23

Neuroglial cells

Answer 23

Cells of the nervous tissue. They cannot conduct electricity. They serve as “helper” cells to help the neurons.

Question 24

Neuron

Answer 24

A cell that is capable of carrying electricity and sending messages to muscle cells, glands, and other neurons.

Question 25

Neurotransmitter

Answer 25

A chemical that is sent from a neuron to another cell, usually a muscle or a neuron. Example is acetylcholine.

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

The control center of the cell. Contains the DNA (genes) and has plans to make everything the cell needs.

Question 27

Organelle

Answer 27

A small “working” structure inside the cell.

Question 28

Passive transport

Answer 28

No energy is used by the body to move substances through the plasma membrane.

Question 29

Sacral Region

Answer 29

The area near the sacrum.

Question 30

Sodium Ions

Answer 30

Ions responsible for depolarization.

Question 31

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 31

The space between a neuron and the muscle cell, gland or another neuron.

Question 32

Synaptic Vesicle

Answer 32

An organelle found in neurons. They store neurotransmitters and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Question 33

Thoracic Region

Answer 33

The area of the thoracic cavity.

Question 34

Transport pumps

Answer 34

A process to move substance from low concentration to high concentration by using energy (ATP). Example: sodium/potassium pump

Question 35

Vertebral column

Answer 35

Also called the “backbone”. Made of stacked vertebrae. Purpose is to protect the spinal cord.

Question 36

Vertebral foramen

Answer 36

A “hole” in the vertebra that allows the spinal cord to travel through.

Question 37

Voltage Gated Channels.

Answer 37

A protein channel in the plasma membrane that is opened by electricity (voltage).

Question 38

Phagocytosis

Answer 38

An active process that involves the cell forming a pseudopod, bringing in a large particle, such as bacteria or cell debris and then fusing with a lysosome to digest the particle.

Question 39

Centrioles

Answer 39

Organelles important in mitosis.

Question 40

Carrier Protein

Answer 40

Carrier proteins are located in the plasma membrane and are used to transport substances across the plasma membrane. The sodium/potassium pump is a type of carrier protein.

Question 41

Name: Nerve cells are also called ______________.

Answer 41

Neurons

Question 42

Motor Neuron

Answer 42

A spinal nerve that extends from the brain to several skeletal muscles. “Motor” refers to movement.

Question 43

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 43

A type of synapse between a neuron and muscle cell. Example: spinal motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell we learned in the muscle chapter.

Question 44

Cilia

Answer 44

Hair-like structures that produce a beating motion.