Lesson: Nervous Part 1 - 8.1 Definitions

Question 1

Sensory receptors

Answer 1

Detect changes in pressure, chemicals, light, sound, and other stimuli inside and outside the body.

Question 2

The acronym “CNS” stands for

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

The acronym “PNS” stands for

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 4

Made of peripheral nerves traveling to and from the CNS.

Question 5

Central Nervous system

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Neurosoma

Answer 6

Part of a neuron that is also called the cell body or soma. The control center of the neuron. Has the nucleus.

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Part of a neuron that is attached to the soma. Its function to receive messages (nerve signals) from sensory receptors or from other neurons.

Question 8

Axon (nerve fiber)

Answer 8

Part of a neuron that takes signals to other neurons, muscle cells or glands.

Question 9

Nerve fiber

Answer 9

Refers to the axon only of a neuron.

Question 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 10

Spaces between myelin sheath on axons (nerve fibers)

Question 11

Myelin sheaths

Answer 11

Fatty tissues that wrap an axon (nerve fiber) to insulate the neuron.

Question 12

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

A type of neuroglial cell found in the CNS.

Question 13

Ependymal cells

Answer 13

A type of neuroglial cell found in the CNS, lining cavities found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 14

Microglia

Answer 14

A type of neuroglial cell found in the CNS.

Question 15

Astrocytes

Answer 15

A type of neuroglial cell found in the CNS. “Astro” = star like. “Cyte” = cell

Question 16

Schwann cells

Answer 16

A type of neuroglial cell found in the PNS.

Question 17

Tracts

Answer 17

Bundles of nerve fibers found in the CNS (brain and spinal cord).

Question 18

White matter

Answer 18

Found in the CNS. White color due to myelin wrapping some axons (nerve fibers).

Question 19

Gray matter

Answer 19

Found in the CNS. Gray color due to no myelin.

Question 20

Nuclei located in brain.

Answer 20

Groups of gray matter surrounded by white matter.

Question 21

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 21

Neurons that have one axon and multiple dendrites. Most common neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 22

“Afferent” means

Answer 22

Towards

Question 23

“Efferent” means

Answer 23

Away from

Question 24

Spinal Motor Neuron

Answer 24

A spinal nerve that extends from the brain to the skeletal muscles.

Question 25

Tracts

Answer 25

Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS

Question 26

Nerves

Answer 26

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS