Lesson 9: Steps for Data Collection Flashcards
What is traditionally studied (sites or individuals) in Narrative Research?
Single individual, accessible, and distinctive by their stories of experience
What is traditionally studied (sites or individuals) in Phenomenology?
Multiple individuals who have experienced the phenomenon
What is traditionally studied (sites or individuals) in Grounded Theory?
Multiple individuals who have responded to an action or participated in a process about a central phenomenon
What is traditionally studied (sites or individuals) in Ethnography?
Members of a culture-sharing group or individuals representative of the group
What is traditionally studied (sites or individuals) in a Case Study?
A bounded system, such as a process, an activity, an event, a program, or multiple individuals
Which research traditionally studies single individual, accessible, and distinctive by their stories of experience?
Narrative Research
Which research traditionally studies multiple individuals who have experienced the phenomenon?
Phenomenology
Which research traditionally studies multiple individuals who have responded to an action or participated in a process about a central phenomenon?
Grounded Theory
Which research traditionally studies members of a culture-sharing group or individuals representative of the group?
Ethnography
Which research traditionally studies a bounded system, such as a process, an activity, an event, a program, or multiple individuals?
Case Study
What are the typical access and rapport procedures (access and rapport) for Narrative Research?
Gaining permission from individuals obtaining access to information in archives.
What are the typical access and rapport procedures (access and rapport) for Phenomenology?
Finding people who have experienced the phenomenon.
What are the typical access and rapport procedures (access and rapport) for Grounded Theory?
Locating a homogenous sample.
What are the typical access and rapport procedures (access and rapport) for Ethnography?
Gaining access through the gatekeeper, gaining the confidence of informants.
What are the typical access and rapport procedures (access and rapport) for Case Study?
Gaining access through the gatekeeper, gaining the confidence of informants
What is the study whose typical access and rapport procedures are gaining permission from individuals, obtaining access to information in archives?
Narrative Research.
What is the study whose typical access and rapport procedures are finding people who have experienced the phenomenon?
Phenomenology
What is the study whose typical access and rapport procedures are locating a homogeneous sample?
Grounded Theory
What is the study whose typical access and rapport procedures are gaining access through the gatekeeper, gaining the confidence of informants?
Ethnography
What is the study whose typical access and rapport procedures are gaining access through the gatekeeper, gaining the confidence of participants?
Case Study
How does one select a site or individuals to study (purposeful sampling strategies) in a Narrative Research?
Several strategies, depending on the person (e.g., convenient, politically important, typical, a critical case)
How does one select a site or individuals to study (purposeful sampling strategies) in Phenomenology?
Finding individuals who have experienced the phenomenon, a “criterion” sample
How does one select a site or individuals to study (purposeful sampling strategies) in Grounded Theory?
Finding a homogeneous sample, a “theory-based” sample, a “theoretical” sample
How does one select a site or individuals to study (purposeful sampling strategies) in Ethnography?
Finding a cultural group to which one is a “stranger,” a “representative” sample
How does one select a site or individuals to study (purposeful sampling strategies) in a Case Study?
Finding a “case” or “cases,” an “atypical” case, or a “maximum variation” or “extreme” case
What study has several strategies, depending on the person when it comes to the process of select a site or individuals to study?
Narrative Research
What study finds individuals who have experienced the phenomenon, a “criterion” sample, when it comes to the process of select a site or individuals to study?
Phenomenology
What study finds a cultural group to which one is a “stranger,” a “representative” sample when it comes to the process of select a site or individuals to study?
Ethnography
What study finds a homogeneous sample, a “theory-based” sample, a “theoretical” sample when it comes to the process of select a site or individuals to study?
Grounded Theory
What study finds a “case” or “cases,” an “atypical” case, or a “maximum variation” or “extreme” case when it comes to the process of select a site or individuals to study?
Case Study
What type of information is typically collected (forms of data) in a Narrative Research?
Documents and archival material, open-ended interviews, subject journaling, participant observation, casual chatting, typically a single individual
What type of information is typically collected (forms of data) in a Phenomenology?
Interviews with a range of people (e.g. 5 to 25)
What type of information is typically collected (forms of data) in a Grounded Theory?
Primarily interviews with 20 to 30 people to achieve detail in the theory
What type of information is typically collected (forms of data) in a Grounded Theory?
Primarily interviews with 20 to 30 people to achieve detail in the theory
What type of information is typically collected (forms of data) in a Case Study?
Extensiveforms, such as documents and records, interviews, observation, and physical artifacts for 1
to 4 cases
What research approach typically collects documents and archival material, open-ended interviews, subject journaling, participant observation, casual chatting; typically a single individual?
Narrative Research
What research approach typically collects interviews with a range of people (e.g., 5
to 25)?
Phenomenology
What research approach typically collects primarily interviews with 20 to 30 people to achieve detail in the theory?
Grounded Theory
What research approach typically collects participant observations, interviews, artifacts, and documents of a single culture- sharing group?
Ethnography
How is information recorded in Narrative Research?
Notes, interview protocol
How is information recorded in Phenomenology?
Interviews, often multiple interviews with the same individuals
How is information recorded in Grounded Theory?
Interview protocol, field notes, memoing
How is information recorded in Ethnography?
Field notes, interview and observational protocols
How is information recorded in Case Study?
Field notes, interview and observational protocols
What study records information through notes and interview protocols?
Narrative Research
What study records information through interviews, often multiple interviews with the same individuals?
Phenomenology
What study records information through Interview protocol, field notes, memoing?
Grounded Theory
What study records information through field notes, interview and observational protocols?
Ethnography and Case Study
What are common data collection issues (field issues) in Narrative Research?
Access to materials, authenticity of account and materials
What are common data collection issues (field issues) in Phenomenology?
Bracketing one’s experiences, logistics of interviewing
What are common data collection issues (field issues) in Grounded Theory?
Interviewing issues (e.g., logistics, openness)
What are common data collection issues (field issues) Ethnography?
Field issues (e.g., reflexivity, reactivity, reciprocality, “going native,” divulging private information, deception)
What are common data collection issues (field issues) Case Study?
Interviewing and observing issues
What study has access to materials, authenticity of account and materials as common data collection issues?
Narrative Research
What study has bracketing one’s experiences and logistics of interviewing as common data collection issues?
Phenomenology?
What study has interviewing issues (e.g. logistics, openness) as common data collection issues?
Grounded Theory
What study has field issues (e.g. reflexivity, reactivity, reciprocality, “going native,” divulging private information, deception) as common data collection issues?
Ethnography
What study has interviewing and observing issues as common data collection issues?
Case Study
How is information typically stored in a Narrative Research?
File folders and digital files
How is information typically stored in Grounded Theory and Phenomenology?
Transcriptions and digital files
How is information typically stored in Ethnography and Case Study?
Field notes, transcriptions, and digital files
What research is it when the information is typically stored in mainly file folders and digital files?
Narrative Research
What research studies are it when the information is typically stored in mainly transcriptions and digital files?
Grounded Theory and Phenomenology
What research is it when the information is typically stored in mainly file folders, transcriptions, and digital files?
Ethnography and Case Study
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers create and organize data files?
Managing and organizing the data
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers read through text, make margin notes, and form initial codes?
Reading and memoing emergent ideas
How do researchers manage and organize data in all qualitative research approaches?
By creating and organizing data files.
How do researchers read and memo emergent ideas in all qualitative research approaches?
Read through text, make margin notes, and form initial codes.
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe the patterns across the objective set of experiences?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers identify and describe the stories into a chronology?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe personal experiences through epoche?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe the essence of the phenomenon?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe open coding categories?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers select one open coding category to build toward central phenomenon in process?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe the social setting, actors, and events; draw a picture of the setting?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers describe the case and its context?
Describing and classifying codes into themes
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers locate epiphanies within stories?
Developing and assessing interpretations
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers identify contextual materials?
Developing and assessing interpretations
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers group statements into meaning units?
Developing and assessing interpretations
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers engage in axial coding—causal condition, context, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences?
Developing and assessing interpretations
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers analyze data for themes and patterned regularities?
Developing and assessing interpretations
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers use categorical aggregation to establish themes or patterns?
Developing and assessing interpretations
How do researchers describe and classify codes into themes when it comes to a Narrative Research?
Describe the patterns across the objective set of experiences; Identify and describe the stories into a chronology
How do researchers describe and classify codes into themes when it comes to a Phenomenology?
Describe personal experiences through epoche; Describe the essence of the phenomenon
How do researchers describe and classify codes into themes when it comes to a Grounded Theory?
Describe open coding categories; Select one open coding category to build toward central phenomenon in process.
How do researchers describe and classify codes into themes when it comes to a Ethnography?
Describe the social setting, actors, and events; draw a picture of the setting.
How do researchers describe and classify codes into themes when it comes to a Case Study?
Describe the case and its context.
How do researchers develop and assess interpretations in a Narrative Research?
Locate epiphanies within stories; identify contextual materials
How do researchers develop and assess interpretations in a Phenomenology?
Develop significant statements; group statements into meaning units.
How do researchers develop and assess interpretations in a Grounded Theory?
Engage in axial coding—causal condition, context, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences; develop the theory
How do researchers develop and assess interpretations in a Ethnography?
Analyze data for themes and patterned regularities.
How do researchers develop and assess interpretations in a Case Study?
Use categorical aggregation to establish themes or patterns
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers restory and interpret the larger meaning of the story?
Representing and visualizing the data
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers develop a textural description—“what happened”; a structural description—“how the phenomenon was experienced”; and the “essence,” using a composite description?
Representing and visualizing the data
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers engage in selective coding and interrelate the categories to develop a “story” or propositions or matrix?
Representing and visualizing the data
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers interpret and make sense of the findings— how the culture “works”?
Representing and visualizing the data
What part of Data Analysis and Presentation is it when the researchers use direct interpretation; and develop naturalistic generalizations of what was “learned”?
Representing and visualizing the data
How do researchers represent and visualize the data in a Narrative Research?
Restory and interpret the larger meaning of the story.
How do researchers represent and visualize the data in a Phenomenology?
Develop a textural description—“what happened.”; Develop a structural description—“how the phenomenon was experienced.”; Develop the “essence,” using a composite description.
How do researchers represent and visualize the data in a Grounded Theory?
Engage in selective coding and interrelate the categories to develop a “story” or propositions or matrix.
How do researchers represent and visualize the data in an Ethnography?
Interpret and make sense of the findings— how the culture “works.”
How do researchers represent and visualize the data in a Case Study?
Use direct interpretation; Develop naturalistic generalizations of what was “learned.”
