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Chem Lecture > LESSON 9 | FUEL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

LESSON 9 | FUEL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

any combustible substance that contains carbon as a main
constituent, which on proper burning gives a large amount of
useful heat for domestic and industrial purposes

A

FUEL

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2
Q

During the complete combustion of fuels, carbon is
converted to

hydrogen is converted to

A

CO2

H2O

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3
Q

the process of oxidation that provides heat energy

A

Combustion

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4
Q

Every combustion is an oxidation but every oxidation is not combustion.

A

Combustion

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5
Q

The fuel should be easily available.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

It should be dry and should have less moisture content. Dry
fuel increases its calorific value.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

It should be cheap, easily transportable and has high calorific
value.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

It must have moderate ignition temperature and should
leave less ash after combustion.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

The combustion speed of a good fuel should be moderate.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

It should not burn spontaneously to avoid fire hazards.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Its handling should be easy and should not give poisonous
gases after combustion.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

The combustion of a good fuel should not be explosive.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Classification of Fuels

A

occurrence (and preparation)
physical state

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14
Q

found in nature

A

natural or primary fuels

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15
Q

used either without processing or after being processed to a certain
extent, which does not alter the chemical composition of the fuel

A

natural or primary fuels

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16
Q

also known as fossil fuels such as wood, peat, lignite, coal, petroleum,
natural gas, etc.

A

natural or primary fuels

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17
Q

derived from the primary fuels by further processing such as charcoal, coke, kerosene,
producer gas, water gas, etc.

A

artificial or secondary fuels

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18
Q

The second classification is based on the

A

physical state.

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19
Q

Type of Fuels

A

■ 1. Solid fuels
■ 2. Liquid fuels
■ 3. Gaseous fuels

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20
Q

The Philippines had a significant growth in power generation
at 10% from 82,413,213 MW in 2015 to 90,797,891 MW in
2016.

A

TRUE

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21
Q

The main solid fuels are wood, peat, lignite, coal and charcoal.

A

Solid Fuels

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22
Q

a fossil fuel which occurs in layers in the earth’s crust

A

COAL

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23
Q

It is formed by the partial decay of plant and animal materials
accumulated millions of years ago and further altered by action of
heat and pressure.

A

COAL

24
Q

Conversion of wood into coal

A

Wood ⟶Peat ⟶ Lignite ⟶Bituminous Coal ⟶ Anthracite

25
Q

a brown-fibrous jelly like mas

A

Peat

26
Q

soft, brown colored, lowest rank type of coal

A

LIGNITE

27
Q

a class of highest rank coa

A

Anthracite

28
Q

pitch black to dark grey

A

Bituminous coal

29
Q

are the important commercial and domestic
fuels used these days.

A

Liquid Fuels

30
Q

Most of these fuels are obtained from the naturally
occurring petroleum or crude oil.

A

Liquid Fuels

31
Q

is a dark greenish brown,
viscous oil found deep in the earth crust.

A

Petroleum or crude oil

32
Q

is a source of many liquid fuels that are in current use.

A

Petroleum or crude oil

33
Q

Approximate composition of crude petroleum

A

C = 80-85% H = 10-14%
S = 0.1-3.5% N = 0.1-0.5%

34
Q

obtained from the mine contains a lot of soluble and
insoluble impurities which must be removed

A

Petroleum or crude oil

35
Q

Before it is being done by simple
fractional distillation, further treatment is needed by refining.

A

Purification

36
Q

a process by which petroleum is made free of impurities

A

Refining

37
Q

Stages in the refining of petroleum

A

■ 1) removal of solid impurities
■ 2) removal of water
■ 3) removal of harmful impurities
■ 4) fractional distillation

38
Q

decomposition of larger hydrocarbon molecules to smaller
molecules

A

CRACKING

39
Q

obtained from the wells dug in the earth during mining
of petroleum

A

Natural gas

40
Q

mainly composed of methane and small quantities of
ethane along with other hydrocarbons

A

Natural gas

41
Q

lower hydrocarbons are present

A

Dry gas or lean gas

42
Q

hydrocarbons having higher molecules are present

A

Rich or wet gas

43
Q

calorific value of natural gas

A

varies from 8000-14000
kcal/m3
.

44
Q

obtained from natural gas or as a byproduct in refineries
during cracking of heavy petroleum products

A

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)

45
Q

MAIN COMPONENTS OF LPG

A

n-butane
■ isobutane
■ butylene
■ propane (traces of propene and ethane

46
Q

contains mainly methane, CH4.

A

Natural gas

47
Q

When natural gas is compressed at high pressure
(1000 atm) or cooled to -160oC, it is converted to

A

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)

48
Q

Natural gas being lead or sulfur free, its use
substantially reduces harmful engine emissions.

A

CNG

49
Q

defined as the exothermic chemical reaction, which
is accompanied by heat and light

A

Combustion

50
Q

the union of an element or a compound with
oxygen

A

COMBUSTION

51
Q

the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1
gram of water one degree centigrade

A

calorie

52
Q

the unit of heat in metric system, and is defined as the quantity
of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of
water one degree centigrade

A

■ kilocalorie

53
Q

the unit of heat in English system

A

■ British thermal unit (B.T.U.)

54
Q

defined as “the quantity of heat required to increase the temperature of one
pound of water through of one degree of Fahrenheit

A

■ British thermal unit (B.T.U.)

1 B.T.U. = 252 cal = 0.252 kcal

55
Q

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water
one degree centigrade

A

Centigrade heat unit (C.H.U.)

1 kcal = 3.968 B.T.U. = 2.2 C.H.U.

56
Q
A

Chem Lecture (5 decks)

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