LESSON 1 | ENERGY AND CHEMISTRY Flashcards
plays a central role in science and also in economic development and societal advancement.
Energy
is the capacity or the ability to do work
Energy
in chemistry perspective, it is defined as the ability to make changes happen.
Energy
is associated with energy that is available because of position or composition.
Potential Energy
is the energy produced from motion.
[FORMULA: 1/2 mv^2]
Kinetic Energy
the combined kinetic and potential energies of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance or object.
Internal Energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds, which can be released through an exothermic reaction.
Chemical Energy
is associated with light or electromagnetic radiation.
Radiant Energy
is associated with the movement of macroscopic objects.
Mechanical Energy
arises from the temperature of an object. We can associate this with the molecular level motion of atoms and molecules.
Thermal Energy
results from moving charge usually electrons in a metal.
Electrical Energy
which can be released in nuclear fusion and fission processes, is a form of potential energy associated with the arrangement of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei.
Nuclear Energy
is the flow of energy between two objects, from the warmer one to the cooler one, because of a difference in their temperatures.
Heat
a process and not a quantity
Heat
is the second form of energy transfer
Work
is the transfer of energy accompanied by a force moving a mass some distance against resistance.
Work
First Law of Thermodynamics
Law of conservation of energy
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only be transformed from one form to another.
Law of conservation of energy
change releases heat
exothermic
change absorbs heat
endothermic
is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by one degree Celsius.
CALORIE
WATER
1 cal = HOW MANY JOULES?
4.184 joule (J)
is a measure of the amount of heat in calories or joules (or Kcal or KJ) that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Specific heat
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius is object’s
heat capacity
refers to the heat capacity of one mole of a substance, while specific heat is the heat capacity of one gram of a substance.
Molar heat capacity
