Lesson 9

Question 1

What are the major issues that face the world with regards to water?

Answer 1

Poor education - Spending time going to wells
Poor crops - Lack of water, can’t grow
Child mortality/maternal health - water born diseases/dehydration

Question 2

What are the 8 Millennium Development Goals?

Answer 2

Eradicated extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empowerment
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal heath
Combat HIV/AIDS/other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development.

Question 3

What is blue water?

Answer 3

Visible, stored in rivers, streams, lakes and groundwater.

Question 4

What is green water?

Answer 4

Can’t see, water stored in soil and vegetation

Question 5

What is grey water?

Answer 5

Water that isn’t pure, has been previously used or is untreated rainwater (rainwater harvesting).

Question 6

What is water stress?

Answer 6

The annual supply of water falls below 1700 m3 per person

Question 7

What is water scarcity?

Answer 7

The annual supply of water falls below 1000 m3 per person

Question 8

What is physical scarcity?

Answer 8

when 75% of a country’s or regions blue water flows are being used. This currently applies to 75% of the worlds population

Question 9

What is economic scarcity?

Answer 9

When the development of blue water sources is limited due to a lack of capital, technology and good governance.

Question 10

What is virtual water?

Answer 10

The hidden flow of water when food or other commodities are traded

Question 11

How does the water availability gap affect water security? (4)

Answer 11

Imbalance of usage in LICs and HICs.
HICs used 10x more water per head.
Water stress in Asia and California.
2050 4 billion people could experience water stress

Question 12

How does the physical distribution affect water security? (4)

Answer 12

Mismatch between where the water supplies are and demand is.
60% of worlds supply is in 10 countries - uneven spread.
60% of worlds population is living in areas experiencing 25% of the worlds annual rainfall.
Middle East - shortage.

Question 13

How does the gap between rising demand and diminishing supplies affect water security? (8)

Answer 13

Rising demand due to rising living standards, economic growth and irrigated farming.
Diminishing supplies: Cheap water pumping tech, drought, salt intrusion and land subsidence

Question 14

What are the physical causes of water insecurity? (3)

Answer 14

Climate
Geology
Rivers

Question 15

How does climate cause water insecurity? (6)

Answer 15

Determines global distribution.
Precipitation varies as a result of atmosphere pressure. low/mid latitudes.
Water is more secure around the equator.
High relief promotes increased precipitation and rapid run off.
In deserts there is little access to fresh water.

Question 16

How does geology cause water insecurity? (3)

Answer 16

Affects where water is stored.
If rocks are impermeable water remains on earths surface in river then is transported elsewhere.
If rocks are permeable water can infiltrate into the earths surface

Question 17

How do rivers cause water insecurity? (2)

Answer 17

They move big quantities of water to seas and lakes.

They can dry up arid zones so they can become unreliable for sources of water.

Question 18

What are the human causes of water insecurity? (3)

Answer 18

over abstraction
Eutrophication
Sewage pollution

Question 19

How does over abstraction cause water insecurity? (2)

Answer 19

lead to salt water intrusion.

limit future water supplies

Question 20

How does eutrophication cause water insecurity?

Answer 20

algae blocks sunlight and takes oxygen which kills food chains

Question 21

How does sewage pollution cause water insecurity?

Answer 21

Chemicals get into water, water born diseases, littering