Lesson 9 Flashcards
Explain the connection to the Abrahamic Covenant found in Acts 3.
Verse 25 says, “You are the sons of the prophets and the covenant that God made with your fathers, saying to Abraham, “And in your offspring shall all the families of the earth be blessed.” Indeed, both Jew and Gentile was blessed by Christ being the seed that came forth from Abraham to bring about salvation to “all the families of the earth.”
Peter addresses a crowd of Jews by appealing to several elements from the OT, including the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 22:18).
He presents Jesus as the offspring of Abraham through which God will begin to bless all the nations of the earth.
2. Acts 3:25
i. Abrahamic Fulfillment
ii. Relates to Jer 31:31 – behold the days are coming = Behold these days
iii. Diatheke = Berith
How does Paul structure redemptive history?
Paul uses the covenant to structure redemptive history. Jesus establishes the new covenant with his death. The new covenant is the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant. Before Christ came, believers were justified by their faith forward in the promise of the Messiah. After Christ came, believers are justified by their faith in the finished work of Christ.
d. Paul uses the covenant to structure Redemptive History
a. OC vs NC
b. Adam vs Christ
c. Before faith came vs. After faith came
Paul structures redemptive history between the old covenant and new covenant, between Adam and Christ, and before faith came vs. after faith came.
What is significant about the location of the Last Supper?
The Last Supper took place somewhere on the Temple Mount. There was a rich redemptive history to this location. Abraham was called to sacrifice Isaac on the mountain. David purchased the property in order to offer up sacrifices there. Later, Solomon built the temple on this very location.
The plot of land is where Solomon places the temple and was where God spares Israel from the angel during David, and most importantly where the sacrifice for Isaac was.
3. Significance of the place
i. Somewhere on the Temple Mount
ii. Gen 22 – Abraham was sacrificing Isaac – Mount Moriah
iii. 1000 years later 2 Sam 24, David’s census – 70K people died. David offered sacrifices to God – David buys the property and offers sacrifices
iv. 2 Chron 3, Same place as where Soloman builds the temple. Mount Moriah
Explain the meaning and significance of the Bread and Cup
Bread -The bread represents the body of Christ which was broken as a sacrifice for the sins of His people. This fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53. Hebrews 10 provides a Biblical support for viewing the death of Christ in this way.
Cup -Jesus is bearing the cup of wrath. Luke 22:42 he asks the Father to “remove the cup” from him, indicating the wrath that was soon to come.
The cup represents the new covenant which is made through the blood of Christ. This is the same covenant that was foretold in Jeremiah 31. Additionally, the cup references the cup of God’s wrath. This is consistent with OT imagery in Isaiah and the language that Christ uses during his prayer in the garden. Christ must bear the wrath of God as a sacrifice in order to form the new covenant.
a. Significance of the Bread
i. Not teaching transubstantiation.
1. Jesus was sitting there with the when He said “this is my body and blood”
ii. Isaiah 53
1. Bruised servant
2. Two part of a sacrifice. (Body and blood)
iii. Hebrews 10
1. The language of “For You” in Luke 22 is substitutionary language used in Isaiah 53:4 and Heb 10.
b. Significance of the Cup Luke 22:20
i. Jeremiah 31:31-34
1. I’m going to accomplish tomorrow what God promised Jeremiah 600 years ago
ii. Luke 22:42
1. Take this cup from me – not my will but thy will be done.
iii. Isaiah 51
1. Is 51:17 –
2. Cup of my wrath
3. Jer 25:15 –
4. God has poured out His cup of wrath because of their sins.
iv. The cup of wrath
1. Waiting for 600 years for God to pour out His cup of wrath
2. Rome was called Babylon in Rev.
3. Jews were thinking God’s wrath would be poured out on Rome.
list the occurrences of diatheke in the New Testament
Luke 1:72 to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant,
Acts 3:25You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant that God made with your
fathers, saying to Abraham, ‘And in your offspring shall all the families of the earth be blessed.’
Acts 7:8 And he gave him the covenant of circumcision. And so Abraham became the father
of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day, and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and
Jacob of the twelve patriarchs.
Matthew 26:28 for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the
forgiveness of sins.
Mark 14:24 And he said to them, “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for
many.
Luke 22:20 And likewise the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup that is poured out for
you is the new covenant in my blood.
Romans 9:4 They are Israelites, and to them belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the
giving of the law, the worship, and the promises.
Romans 11:27 “and this will be my covenant with them when I take away their sins.”
1 Corinthians 11:25 In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is
the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.”
2 Corinthians 3:6who has made us sufficient to be ministers of a new covenant, not of the
letter but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
2 Corinthians 3:14 But their minds were hardened. For to this day, when they read the old
covenant, that same veil remains unlifted, because only through Christ is it taken away.
Galatians 3:15 To give a human example, brothers: even with a man-made covenant, no one
annuls it or adds to it once it has been ratified.
Galatians 3:17This is what I mean: the law, which came 430 years afterward, does not annul a
covenant previously ratified by God, so as to make the promise void.
Galatians 4:24 Now this may be interpreted allegorically: these women are two covenants.
One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children for slavery; she is Hagar.
Ephesians 2:12 remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the
commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without
God in the world.
Hebrews 7:22 This makes Jesus the guarantor of a better covenant.
Hebrews 8:6 But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the
old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises.
Hebrews 8:7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion
to look for a second.
Hebrews 8:8 For he finds fault with them when he says: “Behold, the days are coming,
declares the Lord, when I will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the
house of Judah,
Hebrews 8:9not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them
by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt. For they did not continue in my covenant,
and so I showed no concern for them, declares the Lord.
Hebrews 8:10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those
days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write them on their hearts, and
I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
Hebrews 8:13 In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is
becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.
Hebrews 9:1Now even the first covenant had regulations for worship and an earthly place of
holiness.
Hebrews 9:4 having the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered on all
sides with gold, in which was a golden urn holding the manna, and Aaron’s staff that budded,
and the tablets of the covenant.
Hebrews 9:15Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called
may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them
from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.
Hebrews 9:16 For where a will [covenant] is involved, the death of the one who made it must
be established.
Hebrews 9:17 For a will [covenant] takes effect only at death, since it is not in force as long as
the one who made it is alive.
Hebrews 9:18 Therefore not even the first covenant was inaugurated without blood.
Hebrews 9:20saying, “This is the blood of the covenant that God commanded for you.”
Hebrews 10:16 “This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, declares the
Lord: I will put my laws on their hearts, and write them on their minds,”
Hebrews 10:29 How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who
has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has profaned the blood of the covenant by which
he was sanctified, and has outraged the Spirit of grace?
Hebrews 12:24 and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that
speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.
Hebrews 13:20 Now may the God of peace who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus,
the great shepherd of the sheep, by the blood of the eternal covenant,
Revelation 11:19 Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was
seen within his temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an
earthquake, and heavy hail.
