Lesson 8 - Primary Threats To Heritage

Question 1

causes rapid flow of people, products and information, which menaces the minority society, particularly their cultural heritage.

Answer 1

Globalization

Question 2

These are the Primary threats to cultural heritage:

Answer 2

• Buildings and development
• Local conditions affecting local fabric
• social/ cultural uses of heritage
• utilities or service infrastructure
• other human activities
• physical resource extraction
• sudden ecological or geological events
• pollution
•Management and institutional factors
• climate change and severe weather events

Question 3

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Under building and development

Answer 3

• Housing
• Commercial development
• industrial areas
• major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure
• interpretative and visitation facilities

Question 4

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Local conditions affecting local fabric

Answer 4

• wind
• relatively humidity
• temperature
• radiation/ light
• dust
• water
• pest
• micro-organism

Question 5

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Social/ cultural uses of heritage

Answer 5

• ritual/ spiritual and associative uses
• society’s valuing of heritage
• indigenous hunting/ gathering and collecting
• changes in the traditional ways of life and knowledge system
• identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community
• impacts of tourism/ visitor/ recreation

Question 6

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Utilities or service infrastructure

Answer 6

• water infrastructure
• renewable energy facilities
• non- renewable energy facilities
• localized utilities
• major linear utilities

Question 7

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Other human activities

Answer 7

• illegal activities
• deliberate destruction of heritage

Question 8

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Physical resource extraction

Answer 8

• quarrying
• mining
• oil and gas
• water extraction

Question 9

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Sudden ecological or geological events

Answer 9

• volcanic eruption
• earthquake
• tsunami/ tidal wave
• avalanche/ landslide
• erosion and siltation/ deposition
• fire (wildfires)

Question 10

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Pollution

Answer 10

• pollution of marine waters
• surface water pollution
• air pollution
• solid waste

Question 11

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Management and institutional factors

Answer 11

• management system/ management plan
• legal framework
• low impact research/ monitoring activities
• governance
• high impact research/ monitoring activities

Question 12

(Primary threats to cultural heritage)
Climate change and severe weather events

Answer 12

• storms
• flooding
• drought
• desertification
• changes to oceanic waters
• temperature change
• other climate change impacts