Lesson 8: Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

Question 1

Kingdom Animalia

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Heterotrophic

Cell membrane with no cell wall

Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of
backbone:

Invertebrates : without backbone

Vertebrates : with backbone

Question 2

Developmental
Characteristics

Answer 2

Most animals develop from a zygote
becoming a gastrula (a hollow ball of
cells).

The gastrula is made of three parts:

Ectoderm – the outer surface of
the gastrula. Develops into skin and
nervous tissue.

Endoderm – the inner surface of
the gastrula. Develops into the
lining of the digestive tract

Mesoderm – the two layers of cells
between the endoderm and the
ectoderm. Develops into muscles,
reproductive organs and circulatory
vessels.Animals that develop a mouth from
the indentation in the gastrula are
called protostomes.

Animals that develop an anus from
the indentation in the gastrula are
called deuterostomes.

Question 3

Body Plans

Answer 3

Asymmetrical

Animals that are irregular in
shape

Symmetrical

Animals that have a regular
shape

Question 4

Symmetrical Body Plans

Answer 4

Radial Symmetry

can be divided along any plane
through the central axis into
equal halves.

Bilateral Symmetry

can be divided down its length
into similar right and left halves
forming mirror images of each
other

Question 5

Body Cavities

Answer 5

Coelomates – animals with a body
cavity completely surrounded by
mesoderm.

Pseudocoelomates – animals with a
fluid-filled body cavity partly lined
with mesoderm.

Acoelomates – animals have three
cell layers with adigestive tract but
no body cavities.

Question 6

Functions of
Animals

Answer 6

Animals have cells with specialized
jobs

This is called division of labour

In order to survive animals must
perform essential functions:

Feeding

Respiration

Internal Transport

Excretion

Response

Movement

Reproduction

Question 7

Feeding

Answer 7

Digestion can be intracellular (happens
within the cell) or extracellular (happens
outside the cell)

Herbivores - eat only plants

Carnivores - eat only meat

Omnivores - eat both plants and meat

Parasites - live on or in another animal
doing harm

Filter feeders - strain from water

Detritus feeder - feed on decaying material

Question 8

Respiration

Answer 8

All animals need to take in
oxygen for cellular respiration

This produces carbon dioxide as
a waste product

O2 + C6H12O6 –> CO2 + H2O

Question 9

Internal Transport

Answer 9

Animals need a way to carry
oxygen, nutrients and waste
to and from cells.

Question 10

Excretion

Answer 10

Animals need to remove
waste products from their
cellular metabolic processes

For example: ammonia
(NH4)

Question 11

Response

Answer 11

Animals need to be aware of
their surroundings

Need to find food, detect
predators, and find their own
kind

For this they need specialized
cells to detect stimuli such as
light, chemicals and temperature

They also need cells to process
and respond to the stimuli

Question 12

Movement

Answer 12

Some animals are sessile (spend their entire
life in one spot)

Others are motile (can move around)

Muscles work with a skeleton

Endoskeleton: skeleton on the inside
with muscles outside of it

Example: humans

Exoskeleton: skeleton on the outside
with muscles inside

Example: crayfish

Hydrostatic skeleton: an enclosed fluid
that contracting muscles act upon

Example: earthworm

Question 13

Reproduction

Answer 13

There are many different
methods of reproduction

Asexual vs. sexual

External vs. internal
fertilization

Larval stages, egg laying,
live births

Different levels of parental
care.