Lesson 8: Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
Kingdom animalia
-eukaryotic
-multicellular
-heterotrophic
-cell membrane w/ no cell wall
-divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:
—> invertebrates: w/o backbone
—> vertebrates: w/ backbone
Developmental characteristics p1
-most animals develop from a zygote becoming a gastrula (a hollow ball of cells)
-the gastrula is made of three pts:
• ectoderm- the outer surface of the gastrula. Develops into skin and nervous tissue
• endoderm- the inner surface of the gastrula. Develops into the lining of the digestive tract.
• mesoderm- the two layers of cells b/t the endoderm and the ectoderm. Dvlps into: muscles, reproductive organs, and circulatory vessel
Developmental characteristics p2
• Animals that develop a mouth from the indentation in the gastrula are called protostomes.
• Animals that develop an anus from the indentation in the gastrula are called deuterostomes.
Body plan
• Asymmetrical: Animals that are irregular in shape
• Symmetrical: Animals that have a regular shape
—> humans, butterflies
Body plan
• Asymmetrical: Animals that are irregular in shape
• Symmetrical: Animals that have a regular shape
—> humans, butterflies
Symmetrical body plan- radial symmetry
can be divided along any plane through the central axis into equal halves.
Symmetrical body plan- bilateral symmetry
can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other
Body cavities: whole, space inside the body
• Coelomates - animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.
—> can put internal organs in there via different spaces
• Pseudocoelomates - animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm.
—> present but with many fluids ex. worms
• Acoelomates - animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities.
—> for animals w/ only basic organism: digestive tract, and body tissue
Functions of animals
• Animals have cells with specialized
jobs to maintain HOMEOSTASIS
• This is called division of labor
• In order to survive animals must perform essential functions:
—>Feeding
—>Respiration
—> Internal Transport
—> Excretion
—> Response
—> Movement
—> Reproduction
Feeding
• Digestion can be intracellular (happens within the cell) or extracellular (happens outside the cell)
—> Herbivores - eat only plants
—> Carnivores - eat only meat
—> Omnivores - eat both plants and meat
—> Parasites - live on or in another animal doing harm
• Filter feeders - strain from water
• Detritus feeder - feed on decaying material
Respiration
• All animals need to take in oxygen for cellular respiration
• This produces carbon dioxide as a waste product
6O + C6H12O6, —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Internal transport
• Animals need a way to carry oxygen, nutrients and waste to and from cells.
Excretion
• Animals need to remove waste products from their cellular metabolic processes
• For example: ammonia (NHA)
Response
• Animals need to be aware of their surroundings
• Need to find food, detect predators, and find their own kind
•For this they need specialized cells to detect stimuli such as light, chemicals and temperature
•They also need cells to process and respond to the stimuli
Movement
• Some animals are sessile (spend their entire life in one spot)
• Others are motile (can move around)
