Lesson 2: Classification

Question 1

Systematics

Answer 1

Branch of biology that deals with classifying living things both current and prehistoric

Question 2

Three branches of systematics- taxonomy

Answer 2

branch describing naming new taxonomic groups (species)

Question 3

Three branches of systematics- classification

Answer 3

Branch organizing information about organisms by arranging them into a hierarchical system

Question 4

Three branches of systematics- phylogenetics

Answer 4

branch determining the evolutionary history and relationships among the various forms of life through time

Question 5

History of Classification- aristotle (384-322 BCE)

Answer 5

Created the first widely used system of classification by dividing organisms into plants and animals

Question 6

History of classification- Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Answer 6

-dvlped the hierarchical categorization system
…

Question 7

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 7

-naming system dvlped by Swedish botanist carolus linnaeus
-e/ organism has a two pt. name
—first the genus then the species
ex: acer is the genus name
rubrum is the species name
…

Question 8

1850’s — 1900’s p1

Answer 8

-improvements in light microscopy led to the discovery of a large number of organisms
-ernst haeckel proposed the Kingdom Protista in 1866. This includes all single celled organisms
-in the early 1900’s the invention of the electron microscopic and advancements in biochemistry lead to the discovery of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Question 9

1850’s — 1900’s p2

Answer 9

robert whitaker (1959): proposed 5 kingdom system (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protists)

carl woese (1970’s): analyzed base sequences of RNA in bacteria and protists and suggested that bacteria should be separated
…

Question 10

Types of classification

Answer 10

Historically, there have been two main classification schemes
- there are similar in that they use the characteristic of organism to classify, however, they differ in how those characteristics are established
…

Question 11

Phylogenetic classification

Answer 11

The system of classification is based in genetics, organisms w/ more similar opposite …

Question 12

current taxonomic model

Answer 12

The classification system used today to organize life on earth

Question 13

Species

Answer 13

A species is a population which can interbreed w/ each other to produce fertile offspring

this makes them a district biological unit

part of the scientific name: …

Question 14

Genus

Answer 14

A genus is a group of closely related

Question 15

Family

Answer 15

A family is a larger classification than genus and groups similar genera (plus for genus) tgtr

Ex. Felix cactus belongs in the family felidae, which is characterized by respectable claws
—this family also includes, the genus panthers which includes …

Question 16

Order

Answer 16

The next largest classification (Taxon) grps similar families together.

ex. Felis catus belongs to the order carnivora this order is characterized by the eating of mostly meat.
—this order is divided into cat-like and dog-like
-this order includes civet cats, hyaena, mongoose, dogs, bears, walrus, seals, red panda…

Question 17

class

Answer 17

orders are grped into classes, again based on common characteristics.

ex. felis catus belongs to the class, mammalia