Lesson 8

Question 1

What are sub aerial processes?

Answer 1

Land based processes which alter the shape of the coastline. a mixture of mass movement and weathering

Question 2

What is weathering?

Answer 2

decay and disintegration of rock

Question 3

What is mass movement?

Answer 3

movement of weathered material down slope due to gravity

Question 4

how does soil creep/solidification move?

Answer 4

flow imperceptible

Question 5

How does mud flow/earth flow move?

Answer 5

flows slow to rapid

Question 6

How does rock fall/rock slide/slumping move?

Answer 6

slides slow to rapid

Question 7

What is the case study for landslides?

Answer 7

holbeck hall

Question 8

How much land slided at Holbeck Hall?

Answer 8

55 meters

Question 9

What caused the land slide at Holbeck Hall?

Answer 9

Rain fall and geology

Question 10

What is the geology of Holbeck Hall?

Answer 10

Glacial till, soft rock (sandstone)

Question 11

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 11

Rainwater is slightly acidic because carbon dioxide dissolves in it which reacts with minerals in rocks so rocks weather faster

Question 12

What is acid rain?

Answer 12

rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, buildings and rocks damaged

Question 13

What is freeze thaw weathering?

Answer 13

Water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.

Question 14

What is salt wedging?

Answer 14

Water enters cracks in rocks and when it evaporates it leaves salt behind, overtime salt builds up creating pressure which can cause rock to split

Question 15

What is biological weathering?

Answer 15

Animals wear away rocks by burrowing into cracks making them bigger and plant roots do the same.

Question 16

What is soil creep?

Answer 16

The slowest form of mass movement but almost continuous. Individual particles of soil move down hill

Question 17

What are terracettes?

Answer 17

A ridge on the side of a hill formed when saturated soil particles expand, as they dry it causes them to move down hill slowly.

Question 18

What is solifluction?

Answer 18

The gradual movement of wet soil or other material down a slope

Question 19

When does solifuction happen?

Answer 19

happens during the summer thaw when the water in the soil is trapped there by frozen permafrost beneath it.

Question 20

What are mud/earth flows?

Answer 20

Heavy rain causes a reduction in friction, thus the earth turns into mud and flows slowly over bedrock

Question 21

What is rock fall?

Answer 21

Occurs when freeze thaw breaks large chucks away
The cliff has to be at an angle of 40 degrees
Material that breaks off is called scree and bounces down to the bottom of the cliff

Question 22

What is rock/debris slides?

Answer 22

Rocks that are joined or have bedding planes parallel to the slope are susceptible to landslides.
An increase in water can reduce friction making it easier
Slabs of rock which slide over the underlying rock are called slip or plane

Question 23

What is slumping?

Answer 23

Occurs in saturated conditions and steep slopes
Causes rotational scars
Material moves way in chunks