lesson 8 Flashcards
exotic
unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country
timber
wood used for building
charcoal
a hard, black substance similar to coal that can be used as fuel or, in the form of sticks, as something to draw with
endangered
in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful, etc.
nutrient
any substance that plants or animals need in order to live and grow
to solidify
to become or make something become certain
viable
able to work as intended or able to succeed
indigenous
used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else
to disperse
to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this
exposure
the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place
regardless
despite; not being affected by something
hypothesis
an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
to babble
to talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited, or silly way
to mimic
to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves, usually in order to make people laugh
to induce
to persuade someone to do something
to prompt
to make something happen
to launch
an event to celebrate or introduce something new
to uncover
to discover something secret or hidden
sophisticated
intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks
exempt
to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc.
to flourish
to grow or develop successfully
demise
the death of a person
to invade
to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it
flaw
a fault, mistake, or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or that causes something not to be perfect
evaporation
the process of a liquid changing to a gas, especially by heating
threat
a suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially if a particular action or order is not followed
vessel
a large boat or a ship
to depict
to represent or show something in a picture or story
route
a particular way or direction between places
voyage
a long journey, especially by ship
daunting
to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something
incompetent
not having the ability to do something as it should be done
miscellaneous
consisting of a mixture of various things that are not usually connected with each other
life expectancy
the length of time that a living thing, especially a human being, is likely to live
harbor
a protected area of water next to the land where ships and boats can be safely kept
to decompose
to destroy something by breaking it into smaller parts
to decay
to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause something to do this
fertilizer
a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well
indiscriminate
not showing careful choice or planning, especially so that harm results
fertile
Fertile land can produce a large number of good quality crops
benchmark
a level of quality that can be used as a standard when comparing other things
to degrade
to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do not have the respect or good opinion of others
neutral
not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument or war
measure
a way of achieving something, or a method for dealing with a situation
ultimate
most extreme or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst
advocate
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something
pursuit
the act of following someone or something to try to catch him, her, or it
pioneer
a person who is one of the first people to do something
to reconcile
to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together
integral
necessary and important as a part of a whole
tendency
If someone has a tendency to do or like something, they will probably do it or like it
to quantify
to measure or judge the size or amount of something
