Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CULTURE Q2ND > Lesson 8 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

division of large social groups into smaller groups based on categories determined by economics.

A

Social Stratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sociologists relate social stratification to

A

Social standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to the process by which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider circles of society.

A

Social exclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two primary systems of stratification namely :

A

-Closed system
- open system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

impose rigid boundaries between social groups and limit interactions among members who belong to different social groups or occupy different levels in the social hierarchy.
– typically based on ascribed status or some trait from birth.

A

Closed syatems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is based on achievement, allowing more flexibility in social roles, increased social mobility, and better interaction among social groups and classes.

A

Open systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are closed stratification systems because people are unable to change their social standing.

A

Caste systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a system of racial segregation which lasted until 1994.

A

apartheid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

based on the ownership of resources and the individual’s occupation or profession.

A

Class system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The openness in class systems results in the prevalence of:

A

-Exagamous marriage
- endogamous marriages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

marriages between people who come from different social classes.

A

Exogamous Marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

these unions are not imposed and are entered into freely by the individuals.

A

endogamous marriages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

determined by personal effort and merit.

A

Meritocracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Info

A

Society, in general, still remains strongly influenced by other factors such as inheritance and the pressure to conform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

three different theoretical perspectives, namely:

A

functionalism
conflict theory

symbolic interactionism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

examines how the different aspects of society contribute to ensuring its stability and continued function.

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

each part or aspect of society serves an important purpose. They also believe that social stratification is based on the intrinsic value of social activities or roles.

A

Functionalist/ functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

introduced by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore in 1945, proposed that a social role that has a greater functional purpose will result in greater reward, and that stratification represents the inherently unequal value of different types of work.*

A

Davis-Moore hypothesis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sees social stratification as being defined by the lack of opportunities for the less-privileged sectors of society.

A

Melvin Tumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

considers society as benefitting only a small segment.
Conflict theorists believe that stratification perpetuates
inequality, and they draw many of their ideas from the works of
Karl Marx.

A

Conflict Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

He(karl marx) considered society as being divided between two groups:

A

-bourgeoisie
-proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the capitalists who own the factors of production such as resources, land, and businesses

A

-bourgeoisie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are the workers that provide the manual labor needed to produce goods. *

A

proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-examines stratification from a microlevel perspective and attempts to explain how people’s social standing affects their everyday interactions.
- often leads people to interact with others within their own social class - people who have the same background, interests, and way of life.
-Social stratification, therefore, is a system that groups people together.*

A

Symbolic interactionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

refers to buying certain products to make a social statement about status.

A

The theory of conspicuous consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ability of individuals or groups to change their positions within a social stratification system.

A

Social Mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Info

A

A major factor that influences mobility is economic status, particularly the accumulation of wealth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

refers to an upward movement in social class.

A

Upward mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

refers to the lowering of an individual’s social class.

Info
-This may be brought about by economic setbacks, unemployment, illness, and dropping out of school.

A

Downward mobility

30
Q

-focuses on the experience of people who belong to the same generation.
-considers the changes in a person’s social standing throughout his or her lifetime.

A

Intragenerational mobility

31
Q

refers to the changes in social standing experienced by individuals belonging to different generations.

A

Intergenerational mobility

32
Q

is when large-scale changes in society can result in the improvement or decline of the conditions and status of a large group of people.

A

Structural mobility

33
Q

important concepts in understanding social inequality.

A

Social class and stratification

34
Q

Karl Marx considered as an essential characteristic based on the economic structure of society.

A

Class

35
Q

Max Weber defined stratification through the concept of (blank) defined as esteem or “social honor” given to certain individuals or groups. He focused on the concept of “market position,

A

Status

36
Q

refers to the ability of individuals or groups to engage in economic activities. Their success in economic transactions is determined by personal power, knowledge, skills, and the scarcity of resources.

A

Market position

37
Q

class is influenced by cultural factors such as lifestyle and consumption patterns.

A

Warner, Meeker, and Eels

38
Q

concept of class is evident in many industrialized societies, which are generally divided into:

A

Upper class
Middle class
Lower/ working class
Underclass

39
Q

composed of the rich, well-born, powerful, or a combination of these.

A

Upper class

40
Q

most contested of the three categories-refers to a group of people who fall socioeconomically between the lower and upper classes.

A

Middle class

41
Q

refers to those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security. They are also sometimes called blue-collar workers.

A

Lower/working class

42
Q

refer to the segment of society that is not only affected by poverty but is also subject to social exclusion.

A

Underclass

43
Q

are also important factors that define social inequality.

A

Income, affluence, and poverty

44
Q

Poverty is defined according to two types:

A

Absolute poverty
Subjective poverty
Relative poverty

45
Q

refers to the lack of basic resources like food, clean water, safe housing, and access to health care needed to maintain a quality lifestyle.

A

Absolute poverty

46
Q

applies to those who may be able to obtain basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living compared to the rest of society.

A

Relative poverty

47
Q

type of poverty that is defined by how an individual evaluates his or her actual income against his or her expectations and perceptions.

A

Subjective poverty

48
Q

refers to biological and anatomical differences that distinguish males from females.

A

Sex

49
Q

refers to the culturally-imposed characteristics that define masculinity and femininity.

A

Gender

50
Q

Info

A

Sex is an unchanging aspect of a person’s identity while gender, being a social construct, is a fluid concept that changes depending on the mores, norms, and values espoused by a particular society.

-Gender inequality is another important aspect of social inequality.

51
Q

refers to how a person identifies himself or herself as belonging to a particular gender.

A

Gender identity

52
Q

refers to specific tasks and behaviors expected of a person by virtue of his or her sex.

A

gender role

53
Q

refers to the socially sanctioned and systematic domination of males over females, and this is expressed in various aspects of society.

A

Patriarchy

54
Q

called attention to the prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse in other industries such as fashion, media, sports, education, the military, and government. The movement also highlighted the continual inequality in many industries which bred an atmosphere conducive to harassment and abuse directed primarily against women.

A

Me Too Movement

55
Q

defined discrimination directed against women and called for action to end such discrimination.

-This document eventually became known as the International Bill of Rights for Women.

A

Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

56
Q

gender inequality in terms of social and cultural attitudes. They believe that sexism and discrimination can be countered by political, social, and economic reforms like giving equal access to both men and women.

A

Liberal feminists

57
Q

argue that men are responsible for the exploitation of women through patriarchy. From this perspective, nothing short of a “sexual revolution” could transform society and end gender inequality.

A

Radical Feminist

58
Q

identifies factors such as class and ethnicity, in addition to gender, as essential for understanding the oppression experienced by non-white women.

A

Black feminism

59
Q

is the feeling of affinity or loyalty towards a particular population, cultural group, or territorial area.

A

Ethnicity

60
Q

refers to a group of people who share a common ancestry. It refers to physical or genetic differences among humankind that distinguish one group of people from another such as skin and hair color, physique, and facial features. *

A

Race

61
Q

refers to a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.

A

Racism

62
Q

psychological mechanisms associated with prejudice and discrimination.

A

Displacement and scapegoating

63
Q

involves holding “stereotypes” or preconceived views that are often based on faulty generalizations about members of a race or particular ethnic or other groups.

A

Prejudice

64
Q

refers to actions or behavior of members of a dominant social group that negatively impacts other members of society that do not belong to the dominant group.

A

Discrimination

65
Q

Info

A

-Racial inequality and discrimination are most prevalent in modern multicultural societies.
-Gender and class also influence racial inequality.

66
Q

refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis,

A

Global stratification

67
Q

Info

A

Countries can be classified and differentiated according to their per-person gross national product (GNP) or the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), which is a country’s average national wealth per person.*
*QATAR HIGHEST

68
Q

claim that global poverty is the result of exploitation of poor countries by wealthy ones, thereby creating a cycle of dependence.

A

Dependency Theory

69
Q

Important

A

Market-oriented theories such as modernization theory claim that cultural and institutional barriers to development explain poverty in low-income countries. This theory believes that poverty can be eliminated by overcoming or adjusting cultural values like negative attitudes regarding work, limiting government intervention in economic affairs, and encouraging high rates of savings and investment.

70
Q

focuses on the relationship among the “core,” “peripheral,” and “semiperipheral” countries in the global economy.

A

world-systems theory

71
Q

emphasize the role of governments in fostering economic development.

A

state-centered theories

72
Q

Oxfam expressed concerns that if left unchecked, this wealth concentration will lead to(blank) means that the lowest tax rates, the best education the best health care, and political representation are claimed by the children of the rich.

A

Opportunity Capture

CULTURE Q2ND (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions