LESSON 7

Question 1

Among the most significant social developments were the

Answer 1

formulation of laws

Question 2

defined social behavior, promoted social order, and settled disputes. *

Answer 2

formulation of laws

Question 3

refers to activities through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
It involves the dynamics of conflict resolution and cooperation, as well as the exercise of power.

Answer 3

Politics

Question 4

refers to activities through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
It involves the dynamics of conflict resolution and cooperation, as well as the exercise of power.

Answer 4

Politics

Question 5

refers to the ability to do something in order to achieve a desired outcome. *

Answer 5

Power

Question 6

is legitimate power. This means that a person who has authority has the right to exercise power. *

Answer 6

Authority

Question 7

Info

Answer 7

Following are several trends that have been observed pertaining to the development of political structures and institutions throughout the centuries:

1. increased population density;
2. large surplus of resources and wealth;
3. greater social inequality;
4. less reliance on kinship relations as basis of political structures;
5. increased internal and external conflict;
6. increased power and responsibility of leaders; and “
7. Increased burden on the population to support political leaders.

Question 8

confers on an order or command an authoritative or binding character, thus transforming power into authority.

-Political philosophers treat legitimacy as a moral or rational principle that is the ground on which governments may demand obedience from citizens.

Answer 8

Legitimacy

Question 9

Latin word legitimare, meaning and is broadly defined as

Answer 9

“to declare lawful,”
“rightfulness.”

Question 10

more important than the fact of obedience. *

Answer 10

Claim/ claim to legitimacy

Question 11

Max Weber studied the transformation of societies and observed that the bases of legitimacy of rule vary in different types of societies.
He came up with three types of authority:

Answer 11

traditional,
Charismatic
legal-rational.

Question 12

authority is based on a system that is believed to have “always existed.”
-inherited it or they occupy a position that has been passed on to them.
-legitimacy of this type of authority is based on long-established customs and traditions that do not need to be justified.*

Answer 12

traditional authority

Question 13

-It is based on the presumed special and extraordinary characteristics or qualities possessed by a certain individual.
-often very popular, highly persuasive, and inspire loyalty and obedience from other people. They are also often seen as “born leaders” and “heroes”. *

Answer 13

Charismatic Authority

Question 14

Example of charismatic authority

Answer 14

Ramon Magsaysay,John F. Kennedy, Mao Tse Tung, & Fidel Castro

Question 15

-the most typical type of authority in modern societies.
-set of written rules and laws.
-Leaders can rightfully wield authority if they obtain their positions according to established procedures such as elections or through appointment.

Answer 15

Legal-rational authority

Question 16

The three types of authority identified by Weber are what he referred to as to

Answer 16

“ideal or pure types.”

Question 17

“the groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision-making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats.”

Answer 17

political organizations

Question 18

Info

Answer 18

The earlier types of societies such as bands and tribes were basically dominated by personal and familial ties as these were comprised of families and clans.
the leaders were not simply political leaders or those who made decisions for the society.
The leaders exercised their authority to settle disputes among the people.
They also decided on economic matters like the distribution of food, the selection of crops, determining harvest periods, and securing territory.*

Question 19

believed to have always existed even in advanced democratic states.

Answer 19

POLITICAL DYNASTIES

Question 20

refers to a succession from rulers from the same line of descent.

Answer 20

Dynasty

Question 21

is defined by Susan Stokes as “giving material goods in return for electoral support.”

Answer 21

Political clientelism (or clientelistic politics)

Question 22

is a political unit that has sovereignty.

Sovereignty - the legitimate and ultimate authority of the state-over an area of territory and the people within it.

Answer 22

State

Question 23

the nation has two aspects:

Answer 23

a cultural community
a political community. *

Question 24

is a political unit that encompasses several communities, has a bureaucracy, and has leaders that possess legitimate power. *

Answer 24

State

Question 25

The term bureaucracy means

Answer 25

“rule by officials.”

Question 26

Weber, the bureaucracy is characterized by

Answer 26

“rationality, rule-governed behavior, and impersonal behavior.”

Question 27

refers to the emergence of liberal-democratic regimes that are characterized by a representative form of democracy where political office is gained through formal, competitive elections in many Western societies.

Answer 27

Political Liberalization

Question 28

Another significant process that happened in Western Europe was

Answer 28

Political Liberalization

Question 29

refers to the pattern of orientation to political objects such as parties, government, and constitution, expressed in beliefs, symbols, and values. People generally acquire values and attitudes about politics and political institutions through the process of political socialization. *

Answer 29

Political culture

Question 30

Consists of a distinct population of people bound together by a common culture history and tradition who are typically concentrated within a specific geographic region.

Answer 30

Nation