LESSON 7 Flashcards
Among the most significant social developments were the
formulation of laws
defined social behavior, promoted social order, and settled disputes. *
formulation of laws
refers to activities through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
It involves the dynamics of conflict resolution and cooperation, as well as the exercise of power.
Politics
refers to activities through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
It involves the dynamics of conflict resolution and cooperation, as well as the exercise of power.
Politics
refers to the ability to do something in order to achieve a desired outcome. *
Power
is legitimate power. This means that a person who has authority has the right to exercise power. *
Authority
Info
Following are several trends that have been observed pertaining to the development of political structures and institutions throughout the centuries:
- increased population density;
- large surplus of resources and wealth;
- greater social inequality;
- less reliance on kinship relations as basis of political structures;
- increased internal and external conflict;
- increased power and responsibility of leaders; and “
- Increased burden on the population to support political leaders.
confers on an order or command an authoritative or binding character, thus transforming power into authority.
-Political philosophers treat legitimacy as a moral or rational principle that is the ground on which governments may demand obedience from citizens.
Legitimacy
Latin word legitimare, meaning and is broadly defined as
“to declare lawful,”
“rightfulness.”
more important than the fact of obedience. *
Claim/ claim to legitimacy
Max Weber studied the transformation of societies and observed that the bases of legitimacy of rule vary in different types of societies.
He came up with three types of authority:
traditional,
Charismatic
legal-rational.
authority is based on a system that is believed to have “always existed.”
-inherited it or they occupy a position that has been passed on to them.
-legitimacy of this type of authority is based on long-established customs and traditions that do not need to be justified.*
traditional authority
-It is based on the presumed special and extraordinary characteristics or qualities possessed by a certain individual.
-often very popular, highly persuasive, and inspire loyalty and obedience from other people. They are also often seen as “born leaders” and “heroes”. *
Charismatic Authority
Example of charismatic authority
Ramon Magsaysay,John F. Kennedy, Mao Tse Tung, & Fidel Castro
-the most typical type of authority in modern societies.
-set of written rules and laws.
-Leaders can rightfully wield authority if they obtain their positions according to established procedures such as elections or through appointment.
Legal-rational authority
The three types of authority identified by Weber are what he referred to as to
“ideal or pure types.”
“the groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision-making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats.”
political organizations
Info
The earlier types of societies such as bands and tribes were basically dominated by personal and familial ties as these were comprised of families and clans.
the leaders were not simply political leaders or those who made decisions for the society.
The leaders exercised their authority to settle disputes among the people.
They also decided on economic matters like the distribution of food, the selection of crops, determining harvest periods, and securing territory.*
believed to have always existed even in advanced democratic states.
POLITICAL DYNASTIES
refers to a succession from rulers from the same line of descent.
Dynasty
is defined by Susan Stokes as “giving material goods in return for electoral support.”
Political clientelism (or clientelistic politics)
is a political unit that has sovereignty.
Sovereignty - the legitimate and ultimate authority of the state-over an area of territory and the people within it.
State
the nation has two aspects:
a cultural community
a political community. *
is a political unit that encompasses several communities, has a bureaucracy, and has leaders that possess legitimate power. *
State
