LESSON 7: SPEECH STYLES Flashcards
PASADO CUTIE
It is the situation or
environment and the
circumstances in which
the communication
occurs.
SPEECH CONTEXT
involves
one person; it is often
called “self-talk”.
(Wood, 1997)
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
normally
involves two people or
more, and can range
from intimate and very
personal to formal and
impersonal.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
involves only two
participants forming the
DYADIC COMMUNICATION
requires from 3 to 15 people
to study an issue, discuss a
problem, and come up with a
solution or a plan.
SMALL GROUP
One person speaks
to a group of people;
the same is true of
public written
communication.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
This involves human
verbal interactions
carried out with the aid
of mass media
technology.
MASS COMMUNICATION
takes place when people
draw from their cultural
identity to understand
values, prejudices, language,
attitudes, and relationships.
(Gudykunst & Kim, 2003).
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
refer to a form
of language that the
speaker uses,
characterized by the degree
of familiarity or intimacy
between the communicators.
SPEECH STYLE
⮚the highest form of communicative
style which is often used in
respectful situations or formal
ceremonies
FROZEN SPEECH STYLE
generally used in formal situation, where
there is the least amount of shared
background and the communication in
this style is largely one-way with little or
no feedback from the audience
FORMAL SPEECH STYLE
⮚happens in two-way participation
⮚the most operational among the other
styles
⮚used in negotiating with the strangers
or work colleagues, small group
discussion, in schools, and in
companies
CONSULTATIVE SPEECH STYLE
⮚used in communication between
people in intimate or close
relationships who share the same
meaning generally unknown from
the public.
INITIMATE SPEECH STYLE
⮚it is also known as “informal” style
⮚usually used between friends or even
insiders who have things to share
⮚there is a free and easy participation
of both speaker and listener
CASUAL SPEECH STYLE
analyzing the
relationship between
utterances and performance.
SPEECH ACT
An act of performing words into
utterances that make sense in a
language with correct grammar and
pronunciation.
LOCUTIONARY ACT
✔An action performed by saying
or writing something.
✔The performance of the act of
saying something with a
specific intention.
ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
❑The speaker asserts a proposition to be
true, using such verbs as:
▪ affirm, believe, conclude, deny, report
(suggesting, putting forward, swearing,
boasting, and concluding)
ASSERTIVE
❑The speaker tries to make the hearer do
something, with such words as:
▪ ask, beg, challenge, command, dare,
invite, insist, request
(begging, commanding, requesting)
DIRECTIVES
❑The speakers commit themselves to a
future course of action, with verbs such as:
▪ guarantee, pledge, promise, swear, vow,
undertake, warrant
(promising, guaranteeing)
COMMISIVES
❑The speaker expresses an attitude to or
about a state of affairs, using such verbs
as:
▪ appreciate, congratulate, deplore, detest,
regret, thank, welcome
(apologizing, welcoming, sympathizing)
EXPRESSIVES
❑The speaker alters the external status or
condition of an object or situation, solely
by making the utterance:
▪ I now pronounce you man and wife; I
name this ship…
(Christening, marrying, resigning, quitting)
DECLARATIVES
✔The result or effect that is produced by
the utterance in the given context.
✔The effect is based on the particular
context in which the speech act was
mentioned.
PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
