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Section 1: PCT Certification > Lesson 7: Patient Care (1) > Flashcards

Lesson 7: Patient Care (1) Flashcards

Personal Care

1
Q

What checklist is used by some facilities to assist in documenting personal care of the patient?

A

Activities of Daily Living

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2
Q

Early morning care

A

Tasks to be performed before breakfast:
- Offer bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash patient’s hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Provide patient with fresh drinking water
- Clean the bed table
- Raise the head of the bed to help patient sit up

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3
Q

Morning care

A

Tasks to be performed after breakfast:
- Offer bedpan or urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Help with bathing
- Change the resident’s clothing
- Help men shave the face
- Straighten the room
- Reposition the individual for comfort

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4
Q

Afternoon care

A

Tasks to be completed after lunch:
- Offer the bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Change gown or clothing if necessary
- Straighten the room
- Provide fresh drinking water

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5
Q

Evening care

A

Tasks to be performed after dinner:
- Offer bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Give a backrub if permitted (?)
- Change the draw sheet if necessary
- Smooth and tighten the sheets
- Offer an extra blanket
- Provide fresh drinking water
- Decrease stimuli in the environment (close blinds, dim lights)

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6
Q

Oral hygiene

A

Cleaning the mouth, gums, teeth, or dentures
- Should be performed 2 times a day
- This may be the caregiver responsibiity

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7
Q

Procedure for oral hygiene

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Oral hygiene for the conscious/unconscious patient
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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8
Q

Oral hygiene charting example

A

3/17/12 0800: Oral care given to Mr. Ellis – L. Hill, CNA

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9
Q

Procedure for oral hygiene for dentures

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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10
Q

Charting example for oral care for dentures

A

3/17/12 0800: Mouth care given Brushed and cleaned Mrs. Jones’s dentures. –F. Dent, CNA

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11
Q

Procedure for undressing

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
    3a. Procedure for removing upper body clothing
    3b. Procedure for removing lower body clothing
  3. Clean the area and equipment
  4. Follow up
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12
Q

Charting example for undressing

A

3/17/12 2100: Assisted Mr. Baker to undress to prepare for sleep. Patient is resting comfortably – F. Dent, CNA

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13
Q

Procedure for dressing

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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14
Q

Charting example for dressing

A

3/17/12 0800: Assisted Mrs. Baker to dress for the day. Patient is resting comfortably. –F. Dent, CNA

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15
Q

Procedure for changing a gown

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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16
Q

Charting example for changing a gown

A

3/17/12 2200: Gown changed. Patient is resting comfortably –F.. Dent, CNA

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17
Q

Purpose of bathing

A
  • Gets rid of dirt and pathogens on the body
  • Eliminates body odors
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18
Q

Complete bed bath

A

Performed for a patient who is too weak to bathe alone

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18
Q

Types of baths

A

Complete bed bath, partial bath, tub bath, shower

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19
Q

Partial bath

A

Used for those who may be able to bathe themselves for the most part
The caregiver helps with hard to reach areas

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20
Q

Tub bath

A

May be orders by a physician for therapeutic reasons

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21
Q

Basic Principles for Good Body Mechanics

A
  1. A complete bath is often given as a part of morning care
  2. After a bath, brush/comb the hair, change the pajamas or gown, and make the bed
  3. To avoid injury, always use good body mechanics when bathing a patient or resident
  4. If the individual is in a hospital bed, raise it to a comfortable working height and raise the ide rails on the far right side of the bed
  5. Change the water during the bath when it becomes soapy, dirty, or too cool
  6. Wash, rinse, and dry only one part of the body at a time and then cover that part with a towel or bath blanket
  7. Rinse soap thoroughly because it can dry out the skin
  8. Use liquid soap. If using bar soap, keep it in a soap container and not in the rinse water
  9. Observe the condition of the patient’s skin when giving a bath; Report redness, rashes, broken skin, or tender patches
  10. Keep the individual in proper alignment
  11. Talk to the patient or resident throughout the procedure
  12. After the bath, apply deoderant, lotion, and creams if requested
  13. Check the gown and bed linens for personal items or valuables and return them before outting the gown and linens in the laundry
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22
Q

Procedure for a complete bath

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Prep the patient
    4a. Wash the eyes and face
    4b. Wash the arms
    4c. Wash the abdomens
    4d. Wash the legs
    4e. Wash the back
    4f. Perform perineal care
    4g. Perform grooming
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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23
Q

Charting example for a complete bed bath

A

3/17/12 0830: Complete bed bath given to Mr. Kim. Lotions applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. –G. Morgan, CNA

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24
Procedure for a partial bed bath
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
25
Charting example for partial bed bath
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Kelly with his bath. Lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. --G. Morgan, CNA
26
Procedure for tub bath
1. Assemble equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
27
Charting example for tub bath
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Kelly with his tub bath. Lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. --G. Morgan, CNA
28
Procedure for shower
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
29
Charting example for shower
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mrs. Kelly with her shower. SHe tolerated her shower well, with no complaint of weakness or dizziness. Towel dried and lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. --G. Morgan, CNA
30
What is the purpose of a backrub?
- Relaxes the muscles - Stimulates circulation - Refreshes the patient
31
Procedure for giving a backrub
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
32
Charting example for a backrub
3/17/12 1000: Mr. Crawford was given a backrub with lotion after complaining of feeling stiff and uncomfortable. He is currently resting comfortably. --G. Morgan, CNA
33
Procedure for shampooing hair in bed
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Prepare for shampooing 4. Shampoo the hair 5. Dry the hair 6. Clean the area and equipment 7. Follow up
34
Charting example for shampooing hair in bed
3/17/12 0900: Washed Ms. Harwell's hair with shampoo and conditioner. The patient reports that she is feeling much better. --G Morgan, CNA
35
Procedure for shampooing hair in the sink
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
36
Charting example for shampooing hair in the sink
3/17/12 0900: Washed Ms. Harwell's hair with shampoo and conditioner. The patient reports that she is feeling much better. --G. Morgan, CNA
37
Procedure for combing hair
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
38
Charting example for combing hair
3/17/12 0900: Combed and styled Mrs. Harwell's hair. She sid she is feeling much better. --G. Morgan, CNA
39
Procedure for shaving a beard
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
40
Charting example for shaving a beard
3/17/12 0900: Shaved Mr. Samuel. Afterward, he reported feeling much better. --G. Morgan, CNA
41
Reportable observations for toileting
- Frequency changes in eliminations (using the toilet more than normal) - Color (if urine is dark brown, red, or completely clear; if stool is black or gray) - Odor (foul, out-of-the-ordinary smell) - Any pain with elimination - Out-of-the-ordinary inability to control elimination - Any foreign material, such as blood
42
Procedure for assisting with toileting
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
43
What equipment do male patients use for toileting?
Urinal and bedpan
44
What equipment do female patients use for toileting?
bedpan (for both urination and defacation)
45
Charting example for assisting with toileting
3/17/12 1530: Assisted Mrs. Gower to the bathroom. Defecated small amount of formed brown stool and voided clear, yellow urine. --T. Frazier, CNA
46
Procedure for assisting a male with the urinal
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
47
Charting example for assisting male with the urinal
3/17/12 0930: Assisted Mr. Welch with using the urinal. He voided 500 cc of clear, yellow, urine. --T. Frazier, CNA
48
Procedure for the use of the portable commode
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
49
Bedpan
used for those who cannot leave the bed
50
Commode
A portable toilet that can be positioned close to the bed so that the individual does not have to walk to the bathroom
51
Charting example for using a portable commode
3/17/12 0945: Assisted Mrs. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. She had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. --G. Morgan, CNA
52
Procedure for assisting with a bedpan
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
53
Fracture pan
Slightly smaller and shallower than a typical bedpan and is used for patients whose movements are highly restricted or for those who cannot move
54
Charting example for assisting with bedpan
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mrs. Warren with using the bedpan. She had a bowel movement and voided 500 cc of urine. --G. Morgan, CNA
55
Care of the perineal area
The gentle cleansing of the perineal area/perineum - Directing the stream of water from a squeeze bottle (peribottle) so that it removes all waste and drainage without damaging the skin
56
Procedure for the care of the perineal area (male)
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3a. Procedure for if the patient is mobile 3b. Procedure for if the patient is immobile 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
57
Charting example for care of male perineal area
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. He had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. Provided perineal care. Skin dry and intact, with no red areas noted. --G. Morgan, CNA
58
Procedure for the care of perineal area (females)
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3a. Procedure if the patient is mobile 3b. Procedure if patient is immoble 4. Clean the area and equipment 5. Follow up
59
Charting example for perineal care for females
3/17/12 0830: Assisted Ms. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. He had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. Provided prineal care, Skin dry and intact, with no red areas noted. --G. Morgan, CNA
60
Procedure for nail and foot care
1. Assemble the equipment 2. Ready the individual 3. Complete the procedure 4. Clean the are and equipment 5. Follow up
61
Charting example for nail and foot care
3/17/12 1015: Nail and foot care given to Mrs. Riley. Lotion applied to hands and feet. J. Johnsons, CNA
62
Several factors increase the risk of skin damage
- Diseases such as diabetes, circulatory diseases, and neuropathy - Medications such as steroids and anti-inflammatory medications - Nutrition factors such as low protein, low calcium, and low albumin - Increased on pressure on body parts, especially on bony prominences where bones are close to the skin
63
Decubitus Ulcers
A pressure sore/bed sore - Occurs when the skin breaks because of too much pressure for too long - Elderly patients are more at risk for this - Signs of a pressure sore forming: - warm area of the skin - redness, tenderness, discomfort - feeling of burning
64
Normal human temperature
98.6 F or 37 C
65
Normal human pulse rate
60 - 80 bpm
66
Normal respiration rate
16 - 20 bpm
67
Normal infant blood pressure
50/40 - 80/58 mm Hg
68
Normal child blood pressure
less than 120/80 mm Hg
69
Normal adult blood pressure
less than 140/90 mm Hg
70
Places to take a pulse on the human body
Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, popliteal, femoral, ulnar, brachial, and carotid arteries
71
Factors which affect respiration rate
- Allergic reactions - Disease - Exercise or increased activity - High emotions - Simulation of the peripheral nervous system - Fever - Hemorrhage - High altitude - Medications and drugs - Obstructed airway - Pain - Shock - Decrease or increase in the CO2 of blood
72
Procedure for measuring blood pressure
1. Wash hands and assemble the equipment 2. Identify the individual 3. Clean the equipment 4. Position the person correctly 5. Position the cuff 6. Inflate the cuff 7. Release the air and take the reading 8. Clean the equipment 9. Wash your hands and complete any documentation

Section 1: PCT Certification (10 decks)

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