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Section 1: PCT Certification > Lesson 7: Patient Care (1) > Flashcards

Lesson 7: Patient Care (1) Flashcards

Personal Care

1
Q

What checklist is used by some facilities to assist in documenting personal care of the patient?

A

Activities of Daily Living

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2
Q

Early morning care

A

Tasks to be performed before breakfast:
- Offer bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash patient’s hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Provide patient with fresh drinking water
- Clean the bed table
- Raise the head of the bed to help patient sit up

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3
Q

Morning care

A

Tasks to be performed after breakfast:
- Offer bedpan or urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Help with bathing
- Change the resident’s clothing
- Help men shave the face
- Straighten the room
- Reposition the individual for comfort

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4
Q

Afternoon care

A

Tasks to be completed after lunch:
- Offer the bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Change gown or clothing if necessary
- Straighten the room
- Provide fresh drinking water

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5
Q

Evening care

A

Tasks to be performed after dinner:
- Offer bedpan/urinal assistance to the bathroom
- Wash hands and face
- Assist with oral hygiene
- Give a backrub if permitted (?)
- Change the draw sheet if necessary
- Smooth and tighten the sheets
- Offer an extra blanket
- Provide fresh drinking water
- Decrease stimuli in the environment (close blinds, dim lights)

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6
Q

Oral hygiene

A

Cleaning the mouth, gums, teeth, or dentures
- Should be performed 2 times a day
- This may be the caregiver responsibiity

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7
Q

Procedure for oral hygiene

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Oral hygiene for the conscious/unconscious patient
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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8
Q

Oral hygiene charting example

A

3/17/12 0800: Oral care given to Mr. Ellis – L. Hill, CNA

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9
Q

Procedure for oral hygiene for dentures

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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10
Q

Charting example for oral care for dentures

A

3/17/12 0800: Mouth care given Brushed and cleaned Mrs. Jones’s dentures. –F. Dent, CNA

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11
Q

Procedure for undressing

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
    3a. Procedure for removing upper body clothing
    3b. Procedure for removing lower body clothing
  3. Clean the area and equipment
  4. Follow up
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12
Q

Charting example for undressing

A

3/17/12 2100: Assisted Mr. Baker to undress to prepare for sleep. Patient is resting comfortably – F. Dent, CNA

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13
Q

Procedure for dressing

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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14
Q

Charting example for dressing

A

3/17/12 0800: Assisted Mrs. Baker to dress for the day. Patient is resting comfortably. –F. Dent, CNA

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15
Q

Procedure for changing a gown

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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16
Q

Charting example for changing a gown

A

3/17/12 2200: Gown changed. Patient is resting comfortably –F.. Dent, CNA

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17
Q

Purpose of bathing

A
  • Gets rid of dirt and pathogens on the body
  • Eliminates body odors
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18
Q

Complete bed bath

A

Performed for a patient who is too weak to bathe alone

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18
Q

Types of baths

A

Complete bed bath, partial bath, tub bath, shower

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19
Q

Partial bath

A

Used for those who may be able to bathe themselves for the most part
The caregiver helps with hard to reach areas

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20
Q

Tub bath

A

May be orders by a physician for therapeutic reasons

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21
Q

Basic Principles for Good Body Mechanics

A
  1. A complete bath is often given as a part of morning care
  2. After a bath, brush/comb the hair, change the pajamas or gown, and make the bed
  3. To avoid injury, always use good body mechanics when bathing a patient or resident
  4. If the individual is in a hospital bed, raise it to a comfortable working height and raise the ide rails on the far right side of the bed
  5. Change the water during the bath when it becomes soapy, dirty, or too cool
  6. Wash, rinse, and dry only one part of the body at a time and then cover that part with a towel or bath blanket
  7. Rinse soap thoroughly because it can dry out the skin
  8. Use liquid soap. If using bar soap, keep it in a soap container and not in the rinse water
  9. Observe the condition of the patient’s skin when giving a bath; Report redness, rashes, broken skin, or tender patches
  10. Keep the individual in proper alignment
  11. Talk to the patient or resident throughout the procedure
  12. After the bath, apply deoderant, lotion, and creams if requested
  13. Check the gown and bed linens for personal items or valuables and return them before outting the gown and linens in the laundry
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22
Q

Procedure for a complete bath

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Prep the patient
    4a. Wash the eyes and face
    4b. Wash the arms
    4c. Wash the abdomens
    4d. Wash the legs
    4e. Wash the back
    4f. Perform perineal care
    4g. Perform grooming
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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23
Q

Charting example for a complete bed bath

A

3/17/12 0830: Complete bed bath given to Mr. Kim. Lotions applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. –G. Morgan, CNA

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24
Q

Procedure for a partial bed bath

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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25
Q

Charting example for partial bed bath

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Kelly with his bath. Lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. –G. Morgan, CNA

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26
Q

Procedure for tub bath

A
  1. Assemble equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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27
Q

Charting example for tub bath

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Kelly with his tub bath. Lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. –G. Morgan, CNA

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28
Q

Procedure for shower

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
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29
Q

Charting example for shower

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mrs. Kelly with her shower. SHe tolerated her shower well, with no complaint of weakness or dizziness. Towel dried and lotion applied to dry skin on arms, legs, and back. –G. Morgan, CNA

30
Q

What is the purpose of a backrub?

A
  • Relaxes the muscles
  • Stimulates circulation
  • Refreshes the patient
31
Q

Procedure for giving a backrub

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
32
Q

Charting example for a backrub

A

3/17/12 1000: Mr. Crawford was given a backrub with lotion after complaining of feeling stiff and uncomfortable. He is currently resting comfortably. –G. Morgan, CNA

33
Q

Procedure for shampooing hair in bed

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Prepare for shampooing
  4. Shampoo the hair
  5. Dry the hair
  6. Clean the area and equipment
  7. Follow up
34
Q

Charting example for shampooing hair in bed

A

3/17/12 0900: Washed Ms. Harwell’s hair with shampoo and conditioner. The patient reports that she is feeling much better. –G Morgan, CNA

35
Q

Procedure for shampooing hair in the sink

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
36
Q

Charting example for shampooing hair in the sink

A

3/17/12 0900: Washed Ms. Harwell’s hair with shampoo and conditioner. The patient reports that she is feeling much better. –G. Morgan, CNA

37
Q

Procedure for combing hair

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
38
Q

Charting example for combing hair

A

3/17/12 0900: Combed and styled Mrs. Harwell’s hair. She sid she is feeling much better. –G. Morgan, CNA

39
Q

Procedure for shaving a beard

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
40
Q

Charting example for shaving a beard

A

3/17/12 0900: Shaved Mr. Samuel. Afterward, he reported feeling much better. –G. Morgan, CNA

41
Q

Reportable observations for toileting

A
  • Frequency changes in eliminations (using the toilet more than normal)
  • Color (if urine is dark brown, red, or completely clear; if stool is black or gray)
  • Odor (foul, out-of-the-ordinary smell)
  • Any pain with elimination
  • Out-of-the-ordinary inability to control elimination
  • Any foreign material, such as blood
42
Q

Procedure for assisting with toileting

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
43
Q

What equipment do male patients use for toileting?

A

Urinal and bedpan

44
Q

What equipment do female patients use for toileting?

A

bedpan (for both urination and defacation)

45
Q

Charting example for assisting with toileting

A

3/17/12 1530: Assisted Mrs. Gower to the bathroom. Defecated small amount of formed brown stool and voided clear, yellow urine. –T. Frazier, CNA

46
Q

Procedure for assisting a male with the urinal

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
47
Q

Charting example for assisting male with the urinal

A

3/17/12 0930: Assisted Mr. Welch with using the urinal. He voided 500 cc of clear, yellow, urine. –T. Frazier, CNA

48
Q

Procedure for the use of the portable commode

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
49
Q

Bedpan

A

used for those who cannot leave the bed

50
Q

Commode

A

A portable toilet that can be positioned close to the bed so that the individual does not have to walk to the bathroom

51
Q

Charting example for using a portable commode

A

3/17/12 0945: Assisted Mrs. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. She had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. –G. Morgan, CNA

52
Q

Procedure for assisting with a bedpan

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the area and equipment
  5. Follow up
53
Q

Fracture pan

A

Slightly smaller and shallower than a typical bedpan and is used for patients whose movements are highly restricted or for those who cannot move

54
Q

Charting example for assisting with bedpan

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mrs. Warren with using the bedpan. She had a bowel movement and voided 500 cc of urine. –G. Morgan, CNA

55
Q

Care of the perineal area

A

The gentle cleansing of the perineal area/perineum
- Directing the stream of water from a squeeze bottle (peribottle) so that it removes all waste and drainage without damaging the skin

56
Q

Procedure for the care of the perineal area (male)

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
    3a. Procedure for if the patient is mobile
    3b. Procedure for if the patient is immobile
  3. Clean the area and equipment
  4. Follow up
57
Q

Charting example for care of male perineal area

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Mr. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. He had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. Provided perineal care. Skin dry and intact, with no red areas noted. –G. Morgan, CNA

58
Q

Procedure for the care of perineal area (females)

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
    3a. Procedure if the patient is mobile
    3b. Procedure if patient is immoble
  3. Clean the area and equipment
  4. Follow up
59
Q

Charting example for perineal care for females

A

3/17/12 0830: Assisted Ms. Warren up out of bed to use the bedside commode. He had a bowel movement and voided 350 cc of urine. Provided prineal care, Skin dry and intact, with no red areas noted. –G. Morgan, CNA

60
Q

Procedure for nail and foot care

A
  1. Assemble the equipment
  2. Ready the individual
  3. Complete the procedure
  4. Clean the are and equipment
  5. Follow up
61
Q

Charting example for nail and foot care

A

3/17/12 1015: Nail and foot care given to Mrs. Riley. Lotion applied to hands and feet. J. Johnsons, CNA

62
Q

Several factors increase the risk of skin damage

A
  • Diseases such as diabetes, circulatory diseases, and neuropathy
  • Medications such as steroids and anti-inflammatory medications
  • Nutrition factors such as low protein, low calcium, and low albumin
  • Increased on pressure on body parts, especially on bony prominences where bones are close to the skin
63
Q

Decubitus Ulcers

A

A pressure sore/bed sore
- Occurs when the skin breaks because of too much pressure for too long
- Elderly patients are more at risk for this
- Signs of a pressure sore forming:
- warm area of the skin
- redness, tenderness, discomfort
- feeling of burning

64
Q

Normal human temperature

A

98.6 F or 37 C

65
Q

Normal human pulse rate

A

60 - 80 bpm

66
Q

Normal respiration rate

A

16 - 20 bpm

67
Q

Normal infant blood pressure

A

50/40 - 80/58 mm Hg

68
Q

Normal child blood pressure

A

less than 120/80 mm Hg

69
Q

Normal adult blood pressure

A

less than 140/90 mm Hg

70
Q

Places to take a pulse on the human body

A

Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, popliteal, femoral, ulnar, brachial, and carotid arteries

71
Q

Factors which affect respiration rate

A
  • Allergic reactions
  • Disease
  • Exercise or increased activity
  • High emotions
  • Simulation of the peripheral nervous system
  • Fever
  • Hemorrhage
  • High altitude
  • Medications and drugs
  • Obstructed airway
  • Pain
  • Shock
  • Decrease or increase in the CO2 of blood
72
Q

Procedure for measuring blood pressure

A
  1. Wash hands and assemble the equipment
  2. Identify the individual
  3. Clean the equipment
  4. Position the person correctly
  5. Position the cuff
  6. Inflate the cuff
  7. Release the air and take the reading
  8. Clean the equipment
  9. Wash your hands and complete any documentation

Section 1: PCT Certification (8 decks)

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