Lesson 7 - Culture

Question 1

means to cultivate, to inhabit, to honor

Answer 1

colere

Question 2

a description of a particular way of life, which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary behavior.

Answer 2

Raymond Williams, The Analysis of Culture

Question 3

“the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.”

Answer 3

Cambridge English Dictionary

Question 4

are words, gestures, pictures, or objects that carry a particular meaning which is only recognized by those who share a particular culture

Answer 4

Symbols

Question 5

New symbols easily develop, ___

Answer 5

old ones disappear

Question 6

Symbols from one particular group are ___

Answer 6

regularly copied by others

Question 7

symbols represent the ___

Answer 7

outermost layer of a culture

Question 8

are persons, past or present, real or fictitious, who posses characteristics that are highly prized in a culture

Answer 8

Heroes

Question 9

They also serve as models for behavior

Answer 9

Heroes

Question 10

are collective activities, sometimes superfluous in reaching desired objectives, but are considered as socially essential.

Answer 10

Rituals

Question 11

They are carried out most of the times for their own sake (ways of greetings, paying respect to others, religious and social ceremonies, etc.)

Answer 11

Rituals

Question 12

are broad tendencies for preferences of certain state of affairs to others (good-evil,right-wring, natural-unnatural)

Answer 12

Values

Question 13

These form the core of a culture

Answer 13

Values

Question 14

remain unconscious to those who hold them. Therefore, they often cannot be discussed, nor they can be directly observed by others.

Answer 14

Values

Question 15

can only be inferred from the way people act under different circumstances

Answer 15

Values

Question 16

___ are the tangible or visual aspects of the practices of a culture.

Answer 16

Symbols, heroes, and rituals

Question 17

The true cultural meaning of the practices is ___; this is revealed only when the practices ___

Answer 17

intangible
are interpreted by the insiders.

Question 18

means custom

Answer 18

ethos

Question 19

means norms

Answer 19

mores

Question 20

That which is considered as the customary and the normal is understood as the way of life, and the way of life is what we call as ___

Answer 20

culture

Question 21

If there are many cultures, then cultural values may differ from one culture to another. This is called ___

Answer 21

cultural relativism

Question 22

It is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context

Answer 22

cultural relativism

Question 23

It is also the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one’s own culture

Answer 23

cultural relativism

Question 24

Holistically, it tries to promote the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting

Answer 24

cultural relativism

Question 25

the goal of cultural relativism is to

Answer 25

promote understanding of cultural practices that are not typically part of one’s own culture

Question 26

cultural relativism leads to the view that ___

Answer 26

no one culture is superior than another culture when compared to systems of morality, law, politics, etc

Question 27

this implies that everything that happens within a culture must and should not be questioned by outsiders

Answer 27

Absolute Cultural Relativism

Question 28

this questions about cultural practices in terms of who is accepting them and why

Answer 28

Critical Cultural Relativism

Question 29

this recognizes power relationships

Answer 29

Critical Cultural Relativism

Question 30

Since, ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ are cultural values and cultural values vary in its meaning and employment from one culture to another, then, the values of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ are relative to the culture to which it is employed. This is called ___

Answer 30

ethical relativism

Question 31

It is that which views truth as variable and not absolute

Answer 31

ethical relativism

Question 32

What constitutes right and wrong is determined solely by the individual or by society

Answer 32

ethical relativism

Question 33

Since truth is not objective, there can be no objective standard which applies to all cultures

Answer 33

ethical relativism

Question 34

No one can say if someone else is right or wrong; it is a matter of personal opinion, and no society can pass judgment on another society

Answer 34

ethical reltivism

Question 35

“right” and “wrong” are culture specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another.

Answer 35

ethical relativism

Question 36

Since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs.

Answer 36

ethical relativism

Question 37

this supports the view that the truth of moral principles is relative to individuals.

Answer 37

Subjective Ethical Relativism

Question 38

Whatever you believe is right for you personally is completely up to you to determine.

Answer 38

SER

Question 39

This allows you to be sovereign over the principles that dictate how you live your life.

Answer 39

SER

Question 40

this supports the view that the truth of moral princicples is relative to cultures (or society)

Answer 40

Conventional Ethical Relativism

Question 41

Unlike the subjective view, what is right for you as an individual is dependent upon what your particular culture believes is right for you

Answer 41

CER

Question 42

This view supports the concept that whatever culture says is right for you really is right for you

Answer 42

CER

Question 43

The culture or society becomes the highest authority about what is right for each individual within that society

Answer 43

CER

Question 44

It places the individual’s will subordinate to the will of the cultural majority.

Answer 44

CER