Lesson 7 - Culture Flashcards
means to cultivate, to inhabit, to honor
colere
a description of a particular way of life, which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary behavior.
Raymond Williams, The Analysis of Culture
“the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.”
Cambridge English Dictionary
are words, gestures, pictures, or objects that carry a particular meaning which is only recognized by those who share a particular culture
Symbols
New symbols easily develop, ___
old ones disappear
Symbols from one particular group are ___
regularly copied by others
symbols represent the ___
outermost layer of a culture
are persons, past or present, real or fictitious, who posses characteristics that are highly prized in a culture
Heroes
They also serve as models for behavior
Heroes
are collective activities, sometimes superfluous in reaching desired objectives, but are considered as socially essential.
Rituals
They are carried out most of the times for their own sake (ways of greetings, paying respect to others, religious and social ceremonies, etc.)
Rituals
are broad tendencies for preferences of certain state of affairs to others (good-evil,right-wring, natural-unnatural)
Values
These form the core of a culture
Values
remain unconscious to those who hold them. Therefore, they often cannot be discussed, nor they can be directly observed by others.
Values
can only be inferred from the way people act under different circumstances
Values
___ are the tangible or visual aspects of the practices of a culture.
Symbols, heroes, and rituals
The true cultural meaning of the practices is ___; this is revealed only when the practices ___
intangible
are interpreted by the insiders.
means custom
ethos
means norms
mores
That which is considered as the customary and the normal is understood as the way of life, and the way of life is what we call as ___
culture
If there are many cultures, then cultural values may differ from one culture to another. This is called ___
cultural relativism
It is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context
cultural relativism
It is also the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one’s own culture
cultural relativism
Holistically, it tries to promote the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting
cultural relativism
the goal of cultural relativism is to
promote understanding of cultural practices that are not typically part of one’s own culture
cultural relativism leads to the view that ___
no one culture is superior than another culture when compared to systems of morality, law, politics, etc
this implies that everything that happens within a culture must and should not be questioned by outsiders
Absolute Cultural Relativism
this questions about cultural practices in terms of who is accepting them and why
Critical Cultural Relativism
this recognizes power relationships
Critical Cultural Relativism
Since, ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ are cultural values and cultural values vary in its meaning and employment from one culture to another, then, the values of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ are relative to the culture to which it is employed. This is called ___
ethical relativism
It is that which views truth as variable and not absolute
ethical relativism
What constitutes right and wrong is determined solely by the individual or by society
ethical relativism
Since truth is not objective, there can be no objective standard which applies to all cultures
ethical relativism
No one can say if someone else is right or wrong; it is a matter of personal opinion, and no society can pass judgment on another society
ethical reltivism
“right” and “wrong” are culture specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another.
ethical relativism
Since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs.
ethical relativism
this supports the view that the truth of moral principles is relative to individuals.
Subjective Ethical Relativism
Whatever you believe is right for you personally is completely up to you to determine.
SER
This allows you to be sovereign over the principles that dictate how you live your life.
SER
this supports the view that the truth of moral princicples is relative to cultures (or society)
Conventional Ethical Relativism
Unlike the subjective view, what is right for you as an individual is dependent upon what your particular culture believes is right for you
CER
This view supports the concept that whatever culture says is right for you really is right for you
CER
The culture or society becomes the highest authority about what is right for each individual within that society
CER
It places the individual’s will subordinate to the will of the cultural majority.
CER
