Lesson 3 - Modifiers of Human Acts

Question 1

refer to things that may affect the human act’s essential qualities and thus lessen the moral character of the act and consequently diminish the responsibility of the agent

Answer 1

modifiers of human acts

Question 2

Five modifiers of human acts

Answer 2

Ignorance
Concupiscence
Fear
Violence
Habit

Question 3

it means the lack or absence of knowledge

Answer 3

Ignorance

Question 4

3 classifications of ignorance

Answer 4

Negative Ignorance
Privative Ignorance
Positive Ignorance

Question 5

the absence of intellectual knowledge in man

Answer 5

Negative Ignorance

Question 6

Ex: A Philosophy teacher lacks knowledge about higher mathematics

Answer 6

Negative Ignorance

Question 7

is the absence of knowledge that ought to be present

Answer 7

Privative Ignorance

Question 8

Ex: A licensed civil engineer lacks knowledge about strength of materials

Answer 8

Privative Ignorance

Question 9

the presence of a false knowledge. This is also called mistake or error

Answer 9

Positive Ignorance

Question 10

Ex: Judging someone in the mall as an acquaintance but really is not due to poor eyesight.

Answer 10

Positive Ignorance

Question 11

This talks about the thing which the agent may be ignorant about.

Answer 11

Ignorance in its Object

Question 12

this refers to the ignorance of the existence of a duty, rule, or regulation.

Answer 12

Ignorance of Law

Question 13

this refers to the ignorance of the nature or circumstances of an act as forbidden

Answer 13

Ignorance of Fact

Question 14

It is also lack of knowledge that what one is actually doing comes under the prohibition of a known law

Answer 14

Ignorance of Fact

Question 15

this is a lack of knowledge of the precise sanction affixed to the law

Answer 15

Ignorance of Penalty

Question 16

This refers to the agent in whom ignorance exists

Answer 16

Ignorance in its Subject

Question 17

This is ignorance that can be dismissed by the use of ordinary diligence

Answer 17

Vincible Ignorance

Question 18

This results due to lack of proper diligence on the agent, and is his fault

Answer 18

Vincible Ignorance

Question 19

This is also called culpable ignorance

Answer 19

Vincible Ignorance

Question 20

if it be the result of total or nearly total, lack of effort to dispel it

Answer 20

Crass (stupid/gross) Ignorance

Question 21

if some efforts were done but not preserving and whole-hearted effort, be unsuccessfully used to dispel it

Answer 21

Simply vincible

Question 22

if positive effort is made to retain it

Answer 22

Affected ignorance

Question 23

This is ignorance that ordinary and proper diligence cannot dispel

Answer 23

Invincible Ignorance

Question 24

This is also called inculpable ignorance

Answer 24

Invincible Ignorance

Question 25

____ is not the fault of the agent

Answer 25

Invincible Ignorance

Question 26

Degrees of Invincible Ignorance

Answer 26

a. Physically Invincible b. Morally Invincible

Question 27

ignorance if no human effort can dismiss it

Answer 27

Physically Invincible Ignorance

Question 28

ignorance if it would be extremely difficult to dismiss it even with the aid of some good and prudent men

Answer 28

Morally Invincible

Question 29

This refers to acts performed while ignorance exists

Answer 29

Ignorance in its Result

Question 30

it is that which precedes all consent of the will

Answer 30

Antecedent Ignorance

Question 31

it is that which accompanies an act that would have been performed even if the ignorance did not exist

Answer 31

Concomitant Ignorance

Question 32

An act done in concomitant ignorance is voluntary or non-voluntary?

Answer 32

Non-voluntary

Question 33

it is that which follows upon an act of the will

Answer 33

Consequent Ignorance

Question 34

The will may directly affect it or crassly neglect to dispel it

Answer 34

Consequent Ignorance

Question 35

An act, in so far as it proceeds from invincible ignorance, lacks voluntariness, is not a human act, and is not imputable to the agent

Answer 35

Invincible Ignorance Destroys the Voluntariness of an act

Question 36

The agent has knowledge which bears indirectly upon the act which he performs in ignorance, and the act has, in consequence, at least indirect voluntariness, and is a human act imputable to the agent

Answer 36

Vincible Ignorance Does Not Destroy the Voluntariness of an Act

Question 37

While vincible ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness of an act, it lessens voluntariness and diminishes the responsibility of the agent.

Answer 37

Vincible Ignorance lessens the voluntariness of an act

Question 38

Despite the bad will which it implies, it is still lack of knowledge, direct and perfect, and lessens the voluntariness of the act that proceeds from it

Answer 38

Affected ignorance in one way lessens and in another way increases voluntariness

Question 39

If being deliberately fostered to serve as an excuse for sin against a law, it shows the strength of the will’;s determination to persist in such sin, thus, increases the voluntariness of an act that proceeds from it

Answer 39

Affected ignorance in one way lessens and in another way increases voluntariness

Question 40

It refers to those bodily appetites or tendencies, which are called passions (love, hatred, joy, grief, desire, horror, hope, despair, corage or daring, fear, and anger)

Answer 40

Concupiscence

Question 41

Concupiscence can be classified into:

Answer 41

a. Antecedent b. Consequent

Question 42

when these passions spring into action unstimulated by the will-act

Answer 42

Antecedent Concupiscence

Question 43

Ex: the automatic feeling of awe over a wonderful scenery

Answer 43

Antecedent Concupiscence

Question 44

when these passions are directly or indirectly stirred up or fostered by the will

Answer 44

Consequent Concupiscence

Question 45

Ex: getting angry on the teacher retained for a long time

Answer 45

Consequent Concupiscence

Question 46

It is the shrinking back of the mind from danger

Answer 46

Fear

Question 47

It is the anxiety or worry of mind (from slight disturbance to actual panic) brought about by the apprehension of imminent or coming evil

Answer 47

Fear

Question 48

Types of fear

Answer 48

a. From Fear b. With Fear

Question 49

when actions are done caused by fear

Answer 49

From Fear

Question 50

Ex: when a student cheats because he is afraid of failing

Answer 50

From Fear

Question 51

when fear is the accompanying circumstance in doing an act

Answer 51

With Fear

Question 52

Ex: A student cheating is afraid of being caught.

Answer 52

With Fear

Question 53

It is the external force applied by a free cause (that is, human beings) for the purpose of compelling a person to perform an act which is against his will

Answer 53

Violence

Question 54

This refers to operative habit, which is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner

Answer 54

Habit