Lesson 7: Categorical Outcomes, Odds Ratio & Risk Assessment

Question 1

Proportion

Answer 1

A mathematical comparison between two numbers. The numerator is included in the denominator.

Question 2

Contingency Table

Answer 2

Frequency distributions of multiple variables represented in a single table

Question 3

Odds

Answer 3

The number of ways an event can occur relative to the number of ways an event cannot occur; does NOT include the numerator in the denominator [ex: 4/6 while the proportion would be 4/10]

Question 4

Odds Ratio

Answer 4

The odds of exposure among diseased (cases) vs non-diseased (controls)

Question 5

Relative Risk

Answer 5

The likelihood of developing the disease/outcome given that one is exposed divided by the likelihood of developing the disease/outcome given that one is non-exposed

Question 6

Measure of disease association

Answer 6

The magnitude of the effect of an exposure on an outcome

Question 7

The odds ratio is most commonly presented in a ..

Answer 7

contingency table, which displays the frequency distribution of multiple variables in a single table

Question 8

Which variable from this unit is a measure of effect size? That is, it determines the strength of the relationship between two variables.

Answer 8

Odds Ratio

Question 9

If relative risk = 1..

Answer 9

there is no association between risk in exposed and risk in non exposed

Question 10

If RR (relative risk) is greater than 1..

Answer 10

there is an increased risk for those exposed

Question 11

What is the probability of women with early menarche (i.e., onset of menstruation) getting breast cancer divided by the probability of women with early menarche not getting breast cancer?

Answer 11

Odds of breast cancer