Lesson 7 Flashcards
epistaxis
nose bleeds
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
pharynx order from top to bottom
naso
oro
laryngo
epistaxis local causes
trauma
mucosal irritation
nasal/sinus infection
dry air
epistaxis systemic causes
blood disorders
arteriosclerosis
idiopathic
t/f nasal arteries are supplied with lots of blood
T and they are close to the carotid a big blood supply
anterior epistaxis
more common in younger patients
90% of cases
posterior epistaxis
can cause more problems
airway issues?
more common in 50+ peeps
blood comes from both nostrils
profuse bleeding
if a nosebleed is coming from 1 side it is a(n)…
anterior epistaxis
epistaxis prehospital care
relax/comfort
lean forward
compress elastic areas 10-15 min
encourage spit up
icepack on back of neck
if basilar skull fracture is suspected
allow drainage and apply non direct pressure and have loose bulky dressings
sinuses
air filled spaces within the bones of the skull
sinus functions
lighten the weight of the skull
humidify and heat inhaled air
sinusitis causes
acute obstruction
episodes less then 3 weeks = acute
chronic sinusitis
occurs for over 3 weeks
sinusitis pain
pain/tenderness at sinus location
face/teeth tenderness
purulent nasal secretions (discoloured)
associated with headaches, coughing, sneezing
sinusitis ems care
supportive care
manage pain
antibiotics if symptoms last longer then 7 days
otitis externa
infection of the external auditory canal
bacterial but can be fungal
“swimmers ear”
otitis externa causes
swimming in polluted water
headphones
skin disorders
allergies
otitis externa s/s
hearing loss
jaw pain
swelling
discharge
tenderness of trigs/pinna
itching/fullness
how to prevent otitis externa
earplugs while swimming
no q tips
otic solution drops after water exposure
otitis media
frequent in cold season
asymptomatic but can be super painful
infants rub at sore ear
malignant otis externa
can be life threatening
can extend into deeper structures
resolved with antibiotics or surgery
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear cavity
allergies/infections from the respiratory tract
who’s more prone to otitis media
children
how does otitis media work
exudate builds up and puts pressure on the tympanic membrane/ossicles
can cause tympanic membrane rupture
if not treated can lead to hearing loss
otitis media symptoms
fever
nausea
rupture causes pain relief and discharge
vertigo
sensation of spinning
infection off the vestibular apparatus or other disorders of the inner ear
affects equilibrium
central vertigo
cerebellum/brainstem disorders
mild
peripheral vertigo
vestibular apparatus/infection
labyrinthitis
infection of the cochlea vestibule and semicircular canals
vertigo can lead to this
usually caused by a virus (cold/flu)
prehospital care for ear disorders
supportive care
assess for other causes
