Lesson 3

Question 1

headache

Answer 1

upper neck/head pain
most common location of pain
discomfort is from cranial/intracranial blood vessels/dura mater

Question 2

headache classification

Answer 2

primary (migraine, tension and cluster)

secondary (CNS disorders)

Question 3

primary headaches

Answer 3

migraine
tension
cluster

Question 4

secondary headaches (motive td)

Answer 4

vascular
infection
tumor
ophthalmic
drug related
toxic 
endocrine 
metabolic

Question 5

meningitis

Answer 5

infection of the meninges

can cause increased pressure on the skull

microorganisms reach the brain through the blood stream

Question 6

meningitis symptoms

Answer 6

severe headache 
back pain
photophobia
nuchal rigidity
vomiting
irritablility
fever
purpura
petechiae

Question 7

meningitis kernigs sign

Answer 7

unable to straighten legs when supine due to pain

Question 8

meningitis brudzinskis sign

Answer 8

neck flexion causes hip/knee flexion

Question 9

intracranial hemorrhage

Answer 9

cranial vault is full (blood, tissue CSF)

compresses CNS tissue

Question 10

T/F ICP increases the pressure required to make blood circulate throughout the brain

Answer 10

T!

Question 11

T/F blood pressure decreases to force blood to the brain with ICH

Answer 11

F! BP increases

Question 12

T/F increased ICP will eventually prevent blood flow to the brain causing an ischemic injury

Answer 12

T!

Question 13

what happens when the brain herniates

Answer 13

ICP has forced the brain out of the cranial vault through the foramen magnum

Question 14

ICH symptoms

Answer 14

headache 
nasuea 
photophobia 
hypertension 
slow HR
paralysis
unequal pupils 
altered LOC
abnormal breathing

Question 15

changes in vitals due to ICP

Answer 15

increased BP
decreased HR
altered RR

Question 16

headache prehospital treatment

if GCS is 15, no trauma, no risk of respiratory depression, and no nausea

Answer 16

acetaminophen (child/adult)
ibuprofen (child/adult)
naproxen (adult only)

Question 17

what to do if headache patient is nauseous

Answer 17

IV/IM
dimenhydrinate

50mg adult
25-50mg adolescent
12.5-25 child

repeat every 4 hours

Question 18

indications of increased intracranial pressure

Answer 18

increased BP
decreased pulse
altered resps

Question 19

brain herniation what area does it go

Answer 19

foramen magnum

Question 20

t/f CSF is compressible

Answer 20

F! blood is tho

Question 21

migraines

Answer 21

brain releases inflammatory substance around nerves and blood vessels

Question 22

migraine features

Answer 22

aura
one sided 
duration of 2-3 days
nausea
prefer dark quiet environments 
weekly/annually

Question 23

t/f tension headaches happen more in males then females

Answer 23

F! females

stress related/musculoskeletal

Question 24

tension headaches

Answer 24

pressure or tight band around the head

dull achy pain

episodic last few hours to several days

chronic are more rare and occur every few days

Question 25

cluster headaches

Answer 25

more common in men at age 20

common in smokers 
severe pain 
C5
can happen several times a day 
happen around one eye

Question 26

tumours common to children

Answer 26

brainstem/cerebellar tumours

Question 27

tumours common to adults

Answer 27

cerebral hemisphere tumours

Question 28

primary/structural tumour

Answer 28

differ from normal cells

Question 29

metastatic/vascular tumour

Answer 29

develop from another tissue

Question 30

benign

Answer 30

do not spread in the blood stream/not deeply rooted defined borders

Question 31

cancerous tumours

Answer 31

grow fast and have irregular boundaries

spread to other brain areas but not organs