Lesson 3 Flashcards
headache
upper neck/head pain
most common location of pain
discomfort is from cranial/intracranial blood vessels/dura mater
headache classification
primary (migraine, tension and cluster)
secondary (CNS disorders)
primary headaches
migraine
tension
cluster
secondary headaches (motive td)
vascular infection tumor ophthalmic drug related toxic endocrine metabolic
meningitis
infection of the meninges
can cause increased pressure on the skull
microorganisms reach the brain through the blood stream
meningitis symptoms
severe headache back pain photophobia nuchal rigidity vomiting irritablility fever purpura petechiae
meningitis kernigs sign
unable to straighten legs when supine due to pain
meningitis brudzinskis sign
neck flexion causes hip/knee flexion
intracranial hemorrhage
cranial vault is full (blood, tissue CSF)
compresses CNS tissue
T/F ICP increases the pressure required to make blood circulate throughout the brain
T!
T/F blood pressure decreases to force blood to the brain with ICH
F! BP increases
T/F increased ICP will eventually prevent blood flow to the brain causing an ischemic injury
T!
what happens when the brain herniates
ICP has forced the brain out of the cranial vault through the foramen magnum
ICH symptoms
headache nasuea photophobia hypertension slow HR paralysis unequal pupils altered LOC abnormal breathing
changes in vitals due to ICP
increased BP
decreased HR
altered RR
headache prehospital treatment
if GCS is 15, no trauma, no risk of respiratory depression, and no nausea
acetaminophen (child/adult)
ibuprofen (child/adult)
naproxen (adult only)
what to do if headache patient is nauseous
IV/IM
dimenhydrinate
50mg adult
25-50mg adolescent
12.5-25 child
repeat every 4 hours
indications of increased intracranial pressure
increased BP
decreased pulse
altered resps
brain herniation what area does it go
foramen magnum
t/f CSF is compressible
F! blood is tho
migraines
brain releases inflammatory substance around nerves and blood vessels
migraine features
aura one sided duration of 2-3 days nausea prefer dark quiet environments weekly/annually
t/f tension headaches happen more in males then females
F! females
stress related/musculoskeletal
tension headaches
pressure or tight band around the head
dull achy pain
episodic last few hours to several days
chronic are more rare and occur every few days
cluster headaches
more common in men at age 20
common in smokers severe pain C5 can happen several times a day happen around one eye
tumours common to children
brainstem/cerebellar tumours
tumours common to adults
cerebral hemisphere tumours
primary/structural tumour
differ from normal cells
metastatic/vascular tumour
develop from another tissue
benign
do not spread in the blood stream/not deeply rooted defined borders
cancerous tumours
grow fast and have irregular boundaries
spread to other brain areas but not organs
