LESSON 7 Flashcards
the human person exist to
relate with others
the person is by nature a _____ _____ because he or she has a tendency to go out of himself/herself to form bonds and relationships
social being
what do you call the stage where as we grow, we expand our horizons and start relating with people other people
developmental task stages
_______ relate with their immediate family and guardians as the source of basic needs
infants
as we grow into _____, our relationships and responsibilities also change because we play more significant roles in the communities we live in
adulthood
gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve our goals and attain well-being or happiness
freedom
other animals also form groups for
mutual protection and survival
human are the only beings capable of establishing
society
an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture
society
society also refers to
- companionship or friendly association
- alliance
- community
- union
also refers to companionship or friendly association, alliance, community, union
society
able to influence society through their actions
humans
society also make possible the emergence of certain ________
individualities
the survival of human being is essentially rooted in
society and human relations
during _____, social philosophers pondered the natural laws that govern human societies
enlightenment
enlightenment philosophers
- thomas hobbes
- john locke
- jean jacques rousseau
social philosophers imagine humans as living in a so-called
natural state
who said that persons in their natural state are governed by their desires and these often lead to conflict with their fellowmen
Thomas hobbes
social contract is proposed by
Thomas Hobbes
society is the means by which people seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order
Thomas hobbes
An agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority. In this way society is able to function and meet the needs of the many, ensuring the survival of humanity
social contract
who proposed his own ideas on the social contract with a different assumption
John Locke
who considered persons in their natural states as more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that organized it.
John Locke
what concept that says persons in their natural states are more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that organized it.
consent of governed
_____ social contract is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society
John Locke
the authority established to run society should reflect the ideal of the people who organized it. Should this authority fail to uphold its obligation or live up to the ideals of the people, it will be discarded and replaced with a new one.
John locke - consent of the governed
advocates the concept of general will
Jean Jacques Rousseau
he believed that even if the people are the ones who organized society and established an authority or government, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on the people
Jean Jacques Rousseau
this concept is based on the assumption that the people have empowered the government to act on their behalf and that it is considered to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society
general will
redefined social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests
John Rawls
introduced a version of the natural state which he called ORIGINAL POSITION
John Rawls
he imagined human as having a “veil of ignorance”, or no knowledge of one’s own characteristics such as gender, race, or social status
John Rawls
humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their own interests
veil of ignorance - ORIGINAL POSITION
described people’s self-interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies
David Gauthier
david gauthier described this as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies
self interest
society is founded on the concept of the
common good
our nature as ___ ____ drives us to do what is good, and we recognize that other persons also desire goodness as well
human person
refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being.
common good
examples of common good
- peace within the community
- clean and safe public spaces
- efficient transport system
- efficient public service
it applies to all members of society. This means that not only do all members benefit from it, all have the responsibility to work for it.
common good
different form of societies
- hunting and gathering society
- pastoral society
- horticultural society
- agrarian or agricultural society
- feudal society
- industrial society
- post-industrial society
the earliest and the simplest form of society. Generally characterized by its small size and is composed mainly of families
hunting and gathering soceity
they are NOMADIC because they spend the most of their time searching for food and have no permanent territory
hunting and gathering society
type of society that is characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply
pastoral society
have larger population than hunting and gathering and remain longer in one place
pastoral society
often produces surplus food and resources
pastoral society
primarily engaged in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and domestication of animals
horticultural society
a SEMI-NOMADIC, which means they travel to another place when they have already depleted the resources in one ares
horticultural society
there is also a surplus of goods, which sometimes leads to inequalities among its members
horticultural society
in early societies, individuals were often
very family and clan oriented
this type of society is a further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural society. Agriculture involves the large-scale and longterm cultivation of crops and domestication of animal.
agrarian or agricultural society
this society is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming. Improved technology and farming methods result in increased production, giving rise to growing population agricultural.
agrarian or agricultural society
a society that is based on the ownership of land. Arose out of development in Western Europe during Medieval times, when rival kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land. These vassals, in turn, are served by peasant workers who cultivate land and tend to the animals in the farms.
feudal society
members of society is organized based on status. those who own land are most powerful, hile peasants are considered the lowest group
feudal society
an _____ and ____ society fives rise to individuals who value relations among family members
agrarian and feudal
a society that is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services
industrial society
advances in science technology, which in turn gave rise to new production and industrial methods as well as innovations in transportation and communication
industrial society
a society that is marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information and the sale of service
post-industrial society
led by the human mind and aided by highly advanced technology
post-industrial society
members of this osciety have a higher educational attainment, better training and specialized roles
post-industrial society
a product of post-industrial society where people organize themselves through communications technology and the internet
virtual society
society is the _______ by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas and knowledge of the persons, groups and communities that surround us
backdrop
society influences interactions of its members through the establishments of
norms
set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable, and are thus encouraged and passed to other members
norms
one of the ways that society regulates the behavior and interactions of its members and establishes and maintain social order
norms
more formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of citizens
laws
are less formal norms that arises from tradition and do not result in punishment when violated
folkways
norms, laws, and other rules that regulat human interactions give rise to a
social system
an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups that compose a society
social system
actions and behaviors expected of a certain individual
social role
individuals who share similar background or perform similar roles are grouped together
social classes or social groups
certain groups that perform vital functions in society are recognized as
social institutions
what are the social institutions
family
government
school
religion
actions/ideals that are considered important by society
social values
example of social values
- cooperation
- obedience to the law
- concern for others
- respect for others
this disparity in experience and views brings about the___ ___, which often leads to conflict among people of different ages when discussing certain topics
generation gap
brought significant changes in the way human brings relate to each other
historical development
today’s modern society enable various people from diverse backgrounds and varied societies to interact and establish close ties w/ each other
early societies or virtual societies
large-scale action done by various groups and organizations in pursuit of a common goal to bring about change
social movements
