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2ND GRADING: PHILOSOPHY > LESSON 7 > Flashcards

LESSON 7 Flashcards

1
Q

the human person exist to

A

relate with others

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2
Q

the person is by nature a _____ _____ because he or she has a tendency to go out of himself/herself to form bonds and relationships

A

social being

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3
Q

what do you call the stage where as we grow, we expand our horizons and start relating with people other people

A

developmental task stages

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4
Q

_______ relate with their immediate family and guardians as the source of basic needs

A

infants

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5
Q

as we grow into _____, our relationships and responsibilities also change because we play more significant roles in the communities we live in

A

adulthood

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6
Q

gives us the opportunity to pursue various activities to achieve our goals and attain well-being or happiness

A

freedom

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7
Q

other animals also form groups for

A

mutual protection and survival

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8
Q

human are the only beings capable of establishing

A

society

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9
Q

an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and culture

A

society

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10
Q

society also refers to

A
  • companionship or friendly association
  • alliance
  • community
  • union
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11
Q

also refers to companionship or friendly association, alliance, community, union

A

society

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12
Q

able to influence society through their actions

A

humans

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13
Q

society also make possible the emergence of certain ________

A

individualities

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14
Q

the survival of human being is essentially rooted in

A

society and human relations

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15
Q

during _____, social philosophers pondered the natural laws that govern human societies

A

enlightenment

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16
Q

enlightenment philosophers

A
  • thomas hobbes
  • john locke
  • jean jacques rousseau
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17
Q

social philosophers imagine humans as living in a so-called

A

natural state

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18
Q

who said that persons in their natural state are governed by their desires and these often lead to conflict with their fellowmen

A

Thomas hobbes

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19
Q

social contract is proposed by

A

Thomas Hobbes

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20
Q

society is the means by which people seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order

A

Thomas hobbes

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21
Q

An agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority. In this way society is able to function and meet the needs of the many, ensuring the survival of humanity

A

social contract

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22
Q

who proposed his own ideas on the social contract with a different assumption

A

John Locke

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23
Q

who considered persons in their natural states as more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that organized it.

A

John Locke

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24
Q

what concept that says persons in their natural states are more cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent of the individuals that organized it.

A

consent of governed

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25
Q

_____ social contract is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society

A

John Locke

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26
Q

the authority established to run society should reflect the ideal of the people who organized it. Should this authority fail to uphold its obligation or live up to the ideals of the people, it will be discarded and replaced with a new one.

A

John locke - consent of the governed

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27
Q

advocates the concept of general will

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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28
Q

he believed that even if the people are the ones who organized society and established an authority or government, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on the people

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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29
Q

this concept is based on the assumption that the people have empowered the government to act on their behalf and that it is considered to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society

A

general will

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30
Q

redefined social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests

A

John Rawls

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31
Q

introduced a version of the natural state which he called ORIGINAL POSITION

A

John Rawls

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32
Q

he imagined human as having a “veil of ignorance”, or no knowledge of one’s own characteristics such as gender, race, or social status

A

John Rawls

33
Q

humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their own interests

A

veil of ignorance - ORIGINAL POSITION

34
Q

described people’s self-interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies

A

David Gauthier

35
Q

david gauthier described this as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies

A

self interest

36
Q

society is founded on the concept of the

A

common good

37
Q

our nature as ___ ____ drives us to do what is good, and we recognize that other persons also desire goodness as well

A

human person

38
Q

refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being.

A

common good

39
Q

examples of common good

A
  • peace within the community
  • clean and safe public spaces
  • efficient transport system
  • efficient public service
40
Q

it applies to all members of society. This means that not only do all members benefit from it, all have the responsibility to work for it.

A

common good

41
Q

different form of societies

A
  • hunting and gathering society
  • pastoral society
  • horticultural society
  • agrarian or agricultural society
  • feudal society
  • industrial society
  • post-industrial society
42
Q

the earliest and the simplest form of society. Generally characterized by its small size and is composed mainly of families

A

hunting and gathering soceity

43
Q

they are NOMADIC because they spend the most of their time searching for food and have no permanent territory

A

hunting and gathering society

44
Q

type of society that is characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply

A

pastoral society

45
Q

have larger population than hunting and gathering and remain longer in one place

A

pastoral society

46
Q

often produces surplus food and resources

A

pastoral society

47
Q

primarily engaged in the small scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and domestication of animals

A

horticultural society

48
Q

a SEMI-NOMADIC, which means they travel to another place when they have already depleted the resources in one ares

A

horticultural society

49
Q

there is also a surplus of goods, which sometimes leads to inequalities among its members

A

horticultural society

50
Q

in early societies, individuals were often

A

very family and clan oriented

51
Q

this type of society is a further evolution of the pastoral and horticultural society. Agriculture involves the large-scale and longterm cultivation of crops and domestication of animal.

A

agrarian or agricultural society

52
Q

this society is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming. Improved technology and farming methods result in increased production, giving rise to growing population agricultural.

A

agrarian or agricultural society

53
Q

a society that is based on the ownership of land. Arose out of development in Western Europe during Medieval times, when rival kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land. These vassals, in turn, are served by peasant workers who cultivate land and tend to the animals in the farms.

A

feudal society

54
Q

members of society is organized based on status. those who own land are most powerful, hile peasants are considered the lowest group

A

feudal society

55
Q

an _____ and ____ society fives rise to individuals who value relations among family members

A

agrarian and feudal

56
Q

a society that is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services

A

industrial society

57
Q

advances in science technology, which in turn gave rise to new production and industrial methods as well as innovations in transportation and communication

A

industrial society

58
Q

a society that is marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information and the sale of service

A

post-industrial society

59
Q

led by the human mind and aided by highly advanced technology

A

post-industrial society

60
Q

members of this osciety have a higher educational attainment, better training and specialized roles

A

post-industrial society

61
Q

a product of post-industrial society where people organize themselves through communications technology and the internet

A

virtual society

62
Q

society is the _______ by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity, values, ideas and knowledge of the persons, groups and communities that surround us

A

backdrop

63
Q

society influences interactions of its members through the establishments of

A

norms

64
Q

set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable, and are thus encouraged and passed to other members

A

norms

65
Q

one of the ways that society regulates the behavior and interactions of its members and establishes and maintain social order

A

norms

66
Q

more formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of citizens

A

laws

67
Q

are less formal norms that arises from tradition and do not result in punishment when violated

A

folkways

68
Q

norms, laws, and other rules that regulat human interactions give rise to a

A

social system

69
Q

an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups that compose a society

A

social system

70
Q

actions and behaviors expected of a certain individual

A

social role

71
Q

individuals who share similar background or perform similar roles are grouped together

A

social classes or social groups

72
Q

certain groups that perform vital functions in society are recognized as

A

social institutions

73
Q

what are the social institutions

A

family
government
school
religion

74
Q

actions/ideals that are considered important by society

A

social values

75
Q

example of social values

A
  • cooperation
  • obedience to the law
  • concern for others
  • respect for others
76
Q

this disparity in experience and views brings about the___ ___, which often leads to conflict among people of different ages when discussing certain topics

A

generation gap

77
Q

brought significant changes in the way human brings relate to each other

A

historical development

78
Q

today’s modern society enable various people from diverse backgrounds and varied societies to interact and establish close ties w/ each other

A

early societies or virtual societies

79
Q

large-scale action done by various groups and organizations in pursuit of a common goal to bring about change

A

social movements

2ND GRADING: PHILOSOPHY (4 decks)

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