Lesson 7 Flashcards
These are measurable elements that can vary or take different values along some dimensions
Variables
Expresses a potential relationship between two kinds of variables.
Experimental Hypothesis
It is the dimension that the experimenter manipulates. the antecedent that the experimenter chooses to vary
Independent Variable
T/F
IV must be given at least two possible values in every experiment
True
T/F
researchers rely on experimentally controlled variations to study their effects
False - naturally occurring variations
T/F
Preexisting characteristics should be evenly distributed among the subjects
True
T/F
subjects should be exposed to the same treatment
True
It is the particular behavior that we expect to change. also known as the outcome
Dependent variable
T/F
we can explain the behavior from a scientific viewpoint without the antecedent
False
It specifies the precise meaning of a variable within an experiment: It defines a variable in terms of observable operations, procedures and measurements.
Operational Definition
T/F
It is called an operational definition because it clearly describes the operations that are not directly involved in manipulating or measuring the variables in an experiment.
False - directly involved
T/F
The experimental operational definition specifies the exact procedure for creating values of the independent variable.
True
T/F
The measured operational definition specifies the exact procedure for measuring the dependent variable.
True
T/F
Hypothetical constructs are constructs that are directly observable and explain the behavior
False - are unseen processes postulated to explain behavior.
T/F
Many psychological variables are observable constructs, that is, constructs that cannot be observed directly. We infer their existence from behaviors that we can observe.
False - Hypothetical constructs
T/F
Something that cannot be seen must be defined by observable dimensions before we can deal with it scientifically.
True
T/F
operational definitions are equally important when we are working with variables that can be observed more directly.
True
T/F
operational definitions are equally important when we are working with variables that can be observed more directly.
True
It means consistency and dependability.
Good operational definitions are reliable
Reliability
This estimates that are used to evaluate the error associated with administering a test at two different times.
Test-retest reliability
T/F
test-retest reliability measures traits that does not change over time
True
T/F
Ideally, six months or more interval. When interval between testing is more than six months, referred as coefficient of stability.
True
T/F
You can use test that are different in difficulty when using alternate forms
False
T/F
Split half form provides a measure of the internal consistency of the test, helping ensure that the test items consistently measure the intended construct.
TRUE
Refers to the degree of correlation among all the items on scale.
Inter-Item Consistency
the degree of agreement or consistency between two or more scorers (or judges or raters) with regard to a particular measure.
Inter-rater reliability
It is a judgment of how well a test measures what it needs to measure
Validity
The judgment about the items appropriateness is made by test taker rather than expert in the domain.
Face Validity
It is the type of validity that is
important whenever a test is used to make inferences about the broader domain of knowledge and or skills
represented by a sample of items.
Content Validity
Refers to how well a test or tool measures the construct that it was designed to measure
Construct Validity
Convergent validity is a measure correlating to the different constructs.
False. same construct
Measure correlating to different
constructs.
Divergent Validity
T/F
criterion related validity compares the result of the new test to the established test to assess how the new test measures the same variable.
True
T/F
Predictive validity assesses the ability of a test to predict future outcomes. By examining the correlation between test scores and future criterion measures, researchers can determine the extent to which the test accurately predicts future performance or behavior.
True
T/F
Concurrent validity assesses the extent to which a test score is related to a criterion measure obtained at the same time.
True
It is the degree to which changes in the
dependent variable across treatment conditions were due to the independent variable.
Internal Validity
T/F
Internal validity establishes a regression relationship between the independent and dependent
variable.
False. cause and effect relationship
T/F
Changing of instrument being used in experiment can not affect the result of the experiment
False
Occurs when subjects drop out of experimental conditions at different rates.
Subject mortality
T/F
Methodology section provides the reader with sufficient detail (who, what, when, and how) to exactly replicate your study.
True
