Lesson 7 Flashcards
This is the disorders throughout the body that can affect renal
function
RENAL DISEASE
Renal Disease is classified as being?
a.Glomerular
b.Tubular
c.Interstitial
d. Vascular
What are the glomerular disorders?
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
- Goodpasture’s Syndrome
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
- Nephrotic syndrome
This is the sudden onset of symptoms consistent
with damage to the glomerular membrane.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
This is much poorer prognosis often terminating
in renal failure.
Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic)
Glomerulonephritis
morphologic changes in the glomeruli
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
It is the end stage renal disease
and marked decrease in renal function
Chronic glomerulonephritis
The increase permeability of a glomerular
membrane and massive loss of protein & lipids
Nephrotic syndrome
It is the Urinalysis Result of Acute glomerulonephritis
Macroscopic
hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts
Hyaline, Granular casts
WBCs
It is the Urinalysis Result of Rapidly
progressive glomerulonephritis
Macroscopic
hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts
What are the Other Significant Tests of
Acute glomerulonephritis
ASO titer
Anti – group
A
streptococcal enzymes
What are the Other Significant Tests of Rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis
BUN
Creatinine
Antiglomerular basement
membrane
antibody
It is the Urinalysis Result of Goodpasture’s
syndrome
Macroscopic
hematuria
Proteinuria
RBC casts
What are the Other Significant Tests of Goodpasture’s syndrome?
Antiglomerular
cytoplasmic
antibody
It is the Urinalysis Result of Chronic
glomerulonephritis
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Glucosuria
Cellular &
granular casts
Waxy & broad
cast
It is the Urinalysis Result of Nephrotic
syndrome
Heavy proteinuria
Microscopic
hematuria
RTE cells
Oval fat
bodies/fat
droplets
Fatty & waxy cast
What are the Other Significant Tests of Chronic glomerulonephritis?
Serum
complement
levels
What are the Other Significant Tests of Nephrotic syndrome?
serum
albumin
Cholesterol
triglycerides
What are the Tubular Disorders?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Cystitis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
It is the damage to the RTE cell caused by toxic
agent
Acute Tubular Necrosis
It is the ascending bacterial infection of the
bladder
Cystitis
It is the infection of the renal tubules & interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the
bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder &
untreated cystitis
Acute pyelonephritis
It is the recurrent infection of the renal tubules & interstitium caused by structural
abnormalities affecting the flow of the
urine
Chronic pyelonephritis
Abnormal results are related to metabolic
disorder rather than renal disease
URINE SCREENING FOR METABOLIC
DISORDERS
What are the Metabolic Disorders?
a. Amino Acid Disorders
b. Cystine Disorders
c. Porphyrin Disorders
d. Mucopolysaccharide Disorderd
e. Purine Disorders
f. Carbohydrate Disorder
What are the Amino Acid Disorders?
Phenylketonuria
Tyrosyluria
Alkaptonuria
Melanuria
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Tryptophan Disorders
It occurs in 1: 10,000-20,000 births
and was caused by failure to inherit the gene to
produce the enzyme phenylalanine
hydroxylase
and dietary changes are made
- ferric chloride test, (+) blue green color
Phenylketonuria
It in seen in immature infants
that was caused by underdeveloped of the liver
function necessary to complete tyrosine metabolism
- ferric chloride
- Nitroso-Napthol (+) result orange red
color
Tyrosyluria
It is the urine of the patient darkened after
becoming alkaline from standing at room
temperature, “alkali lover”.
- ferric chloride (+) – deep blue color
- benedicts test (+) – yellow precipitate
-addition of alkali to freshly voided urine (+)
darkening of color
- Homogentisic acid test – silver nitrate &
ammonium hydroxide (+) black urine
Alkaptonuria
It produces black urine. Ferric chloride, sodium nitroprusside
(nitroferricyanide), Ehrlich’s reagent.
- Ferric chloride (+) - gray or black
precipitate
- sodium nitroprusside (+) - red color
Melanuria
It has an odor of a maple syrup due to rapid accumulation of keto acids in the urine
- 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) test
(+)
- yellow or white precipitate
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
What are the CYSTINE DISORDERS?
Cystinuria
Cystinosis
Homocystinuria
It is the inability of the renal tubules to
reabsorbed cysteine filtered by glomerulus
Cyanide – nitroprusside test (+) red
purple color
Cystinuria
The incomplete metabolism of cysteine
results in crystalline deposits of cystine in
internal organs, bone marrow, cornea
and lymph nodes.
Cystinosis
silver nitroprusside test (+) red purple
Homocystinuria
The intermediate compounds in the
production of heme.
Porphyrins
The disorders of porphyrin
metabolism
Porphyrias
It differentiate
urobilinogen from phorphobilinogen
Watson – Schwartz test
What tye of test and technique is used in Porphyrin disorders?
Ehrlich test & Fluorescent technique
It is the group of large compounds
located in the connective tissue
Glycosaminoglycan
Screening tests or the turbidity test for Glycosaminoglycan
Acid albumin
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)
It is known as Lesch – Nyhan disease. The massive excretion of urinary uric acid
crystals
PURINE DISORDER
The increased urinary sugars and inability to properly metabolize galactose
to glucose
CARBOHYDRATE DISORDERS
It is indicanuria and has 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Trytophan Disorders
