Lesson 6-How successful was the Third Five Year Plan 1962-5, in solving the industrial and agricultural problems in China?

Question 1

Define revisionism.

Answer 1

A term of criticism used by communists to describe any course of action they believed betrayed communist principles

Question 2

What was the Emergency Directive?

Answer 2

Emergency law delivered from November 1960 which allowed villagers to keep private plots of land and engage in side occupations, restoring local markets

Question 3

What is a commune?

Answer 3

Organised regions where collectives were grouped

Question 4

What is a collective?

Answer 4

Areas where the peasants farmed communally rather than for themselves individually

Question 5

Define yield.

Answer 5

To produce or provide a product of some kind

Question 6

Define Capitalist.

Answer 6

Using wealth to invest in trade and industry for profit

Question 7

Define ‘being pragmatic’ in the CCP.

Answer 7

CCP members who believed that policies should be adjusted according to circumstances rather than being slavishly followed for ideological reasons

Question 8

Define centralised.

Answer 8

Concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority

Question 9

What was the 7000 Cadres Conference?

Answer 9

Conference called in January 1962 in which Mao accepts some blame for the Great Famine

Question 10

Define ‘Continuing Revolution’.

Answer 10

The idea that revolution should be an ongoing process

Question 11

What is mass mobilisation?

Answer 11

A process that engages and motivates a wide range of partners and allies at national and local levels

Question 12

Between what years was the Third Five-Year Plan?

Answer 12

1962-65

Question 13

As more reports of high provincial (state) death tolls filtered up the leadership, what did Mao do?

Answer 13

Became open to modifying the approach.
Rather than admit personal responsibility, a campaign was launched to overthrow the management of communes and root out corrupt elements.

Question 14

When was the emergency directive passed?

Answer 14

November 1960

Question 15

What did the emergency directive allow villagers to do?

Answer 15

Keep private plots of land and engage inside occupations as well as farming

Question 16

What happened to local markets?

Answer 16

Were restored

Question 17

Depending on how far local leaders were ready to go to solve problems, what could happen to the communal system?

Answer 17

Could be dismantled

Question 18

Who was the plan/ner of maybe dismantling the communal system

Answer 18

Li Fuchun-managed to present findings without incurring Mao’s wrath

Question 19

During the Third FYP, what role did Liu Shaoqi have in the PRC?

Answer 19

President

Question 20

During the Third FYP, what role did Deng Xiaoping have in the PRC?

Answer 20

General Secretary

Question 21

In 1962, what did Mao call on President Liu Shaoqi and General Secretary Deng Xiaoping to do?

Answer 21

Take responsibility of restoring food production levels and ending chaos in the countryside

Question 22

What were many communes broken up into?

Answer 22

Smaller collectives of 30 households-much like early co-operatives

Question 23

Some villagers/peasants reverted entirely to private farming.
True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What were villagers rewarded from when communes were broken up into smaller collectives of 30 households?

Answer 24

Individual output

Question 25

What happened to city dwellers in order to restore food production levels and end chaos in the countryside?

Answer 25

25 million of them were forced to move to the countryside to aid with this

Question 26

What was Mao’s ideological fanaticism (zeal/love) replaced with to solve the problems?

Answer 26

Economic realism

Question 27

What happened, in regards to imports, in 1961?

Answer 27

Massive grain imports arranged from Canada, Australia and even the USA

Question 28

By what year had production levels reach the levels they had been in 1957 (before the GLF)?

Answer 28

1965

Question 29

Until what year did imports remain high?

Answer 29

1970

Question 30

When did the PRC begin to retreat from the GLF and when did it speed up?

Answer 30

Began to retreat =late 1960
Sped up = 1962

Question 31

What was Mao unhappy and at unease with during this time?

Answer 31

Unhappy that people had rejected the communes and uneasy that a reversion to capitalism was harming the basis of his reputation

Question 32

Who was in charge of the Third FYP?

Answer 32

Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping

Question 33

What did Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping allow to happen?

Answer 33

Breaking of communes and closing down of thousands of inefficient projects

Question 34

Who was involved in putting together a pragmatic approach?

Answer 34

Chen Yun

Question 35

What did the Third FYP bring back?

Answer 35

Centralised control

Question 36

Who was back in favour during the Third FYP?

Answer 36

Experts

Question 37

What happened to financial incentives at this time?

Answer 37

Were restored

Question 38

What were some of the positive results of the Third FYP?

Answer 38

Agriculture increased to 1957 levels

Oil and natural gas production rocketed

Manufactured goods produced in much greater quantities

Question 39

Mao welcomed the changes as a result of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping’s reforms but was unwilling to do what?

Answer 39

Acknowledge they happened as a result of their new policies

Question 40

What did Mao describe the new policies as?

Answer 40

Dangerous revisionism

Question 41

What did Mao do to prevent any further drift from Communist principles after the new policies?

Answer 41

Called 7000 Cadres Conference in January 1962

Question 42

What did Liu go on to suggest to Mao while praising him for his correct leadership?

Answer 42

That he should share some of the blame for the famine

Question 43

Upon Liu’s suggestion that Mao should take some blame for the famine, what did Mao do?

Answer 43

Mao accepted responsibility as chairman but stopped short of taking direct blame