Lesson 6, 7, 8 Flashcards
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, what types of issues does an occupational therapist assist with and in what contexts do they work?
- improving function, relationship skill building, play skills, sensory, parent education
- printing, writing, handing emotion,
- self acceptance, social thinking, helpful thinking styles
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, how do OT’s view occupation
- things that occupy you and your time
- divided into self care, productivity and leisure
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, OT’s say you have 8 senses, what are they?
- vestibular system (motion, spacial orientation, balance, posture)
- proprioception system (position of body parts, relation of body parts to other body parts, other people and the environment, how much muscle force is needed for a task)
- tactile system (light touch, pressure, temperature, pain)
- touch, taste, sight, smell, sound
what are bottom up strategies of self regulation
- brain stem
- things you try to fix to help the person feel good
- food, sleep
what are top down strategies of self regulation
- cortex based
- changing the way they view the world and thoughts
- naming emotions, teachable moments, calm spaces, collaborative problem solving
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, what unique challenges are there to providing services to a remote first nations community?
- more systemic social issues (overcrowding, trauma, addiction, death)
- large factor is parental lack of engagement
- less sensory processing issues, less fine motor issues
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, what is jordans principle
if services are available off reserve, they need to be available on reserve as well
from the podcast with occupational therapist Sue Wahl, how does the approach of OTs differ from ABA therapists
- ABA has more of a behaviour lens
- OT looks at all 3 pieces rather than only the environment
when might be a time where a clinician or therapist should view stimming as a behaviour to target for reduction?
if the behaviour causes injury to the individual exhibiting it or to others
what are some examples of the responses to sensory information that kanner observed in his patients
failure to orient to their names, failure to notice people entering or leaving the room, having dramatic responses to loud or unexpected noises, having fear or dislike for innocuous objects or activities
what is the difference between hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity
- hyporeactivity refers to being under-aroused to sensory input and unable to detect sensory signals from their surroundings accurately
- hyperreactivity refers to being highly sensitive to sensory input and possessing a strong ability to detect this input
- these both result in atypical reactions
what are some conditions that sensory processing features can co-occur with?
learning disabilities, ADHD, schizophrenia, tourettes
what are the three main components of sensory integration theory?
it describes typical sensory behaviour, sensory integration dysfunction, and aims to guide interventions
what intervention aims to improve the ‘rush hour traffic jam’
sensory integration therapy
according to ayres, what systems help establish reading and writing skills?
tactile, visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive
what is modulation
the ability to use and respond appropriately to sensory information while remaining at a level of alertness sufficient to be able to participate in daily learning activities
define sensory processing
a term used to describe how information gained through the various sensory modalities is used and processed through the central nervous system
why should sensory processing disorder not generally be diagnosed?
there is not a universally accepted framework to diagnose it
ayres believed sensory integration dysfunction to be caused by what?
sensory neurons operating or signalling inefficiently, resulting in deficits in development, learning, and/or emotional regulation
what factors can cause responses to sensory integration therapy to vary?
the wide spectrum of symptom severity and presentation, lack of consistent outcome measures, and family factors
what are the four subtypes of sensory processing features?
poor registration, sensitivity to stimuli, sensation seeking, sensation avoiding
what is type I: sensory modulation
difficulty regulating sensory input from their surroundings, lacking the ability to respond to sensory stimuli properly and stay at an optimal level of functioning
what is type II: sensory discrimination
hard time perceiving and understanding sensory input from their surroundings and assigning meaning to this input, as well as trouble understanding the characteristics of this input
what is type III: sensory-based motor disorders
struggles to process information from their surroundings and then follow through with motor responses accordingly; subdivided into dyspraxia and poor postural ability
what is dyspraxia
a disorder that can affect movement and coordination
what are some signs of dyspraxia
clumsiness, poor balance, poor posture, poor hand-eye coordination, poor handwriting, perception issues, fatigue, speech difficulties, disorganization, low self esteem
what does poor postural abiltity look like
inadequate or inappropriate muscle control, inadequate control of movements, and poor trunk stability
what is the neurological threshold
the sensory input needed for the brain to register the sensory information it provides
what are the seven sensory domains
auditory (sound), visual (sight), tactile (touch), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste/texture), vestibular (balance), proprioception (body awareness/muscle and joints)
what are three common assessment measures
parent ratings, teacher ratings, and self-report
from the podcast with Dr. Mohammad Zubairi, how is autsim screened for in the early years?
- through someone like a family physician, where a questionnaire is given to family at a well baby check
- also talk to other providers in the community
- preschool settings, day care - licensed where teachers and ECEs can raise concerns
what is the Mchat
modified checklist for autism in toddlers
from the podcast with Dr. Mohammad Zubairi, where are the different places in which someone can receive an autism diagnosis? why are there different options?
- child can be seen within 4 - 6 months at some places but 18 - 24 months at other places
- the spectrum broadened, so there’s more situations to try and decide whether a child is sitting just on the spectrum or just off the spectrum
- it is a clinical diagnosis - psychologists, developmental paediatricians, paediatricians
from the podcast with Dr. Mohammad Zubairi, why is it ideal to receive a diagnosis at a young age?
- critical window of brain development and neural development
- children are teachable and best learnable
- adaptive functioning (feeding, toileting, safety)
why are boys diagnosed more frequently than girls?
- boys are diagnosed four times more
- likely something in male genetics that could be driving a higher occurrence
- when looking at features of autism, social initiation and social responsiveness are both looked at. some social initiation are more developed and present in girls compared to boys. girls struggle more with the responsiveness
from the podcast with Dr. Mohammad Zubairi, what do experts believe are possible reasons for raising numbers of autism diagnoses in recent decades? is there a clear explanation?
- awareness and diagnostic practices have changed
- not much movement in terms of causation
- genetics 10 years ago there were 3 genes identified to be associated with autism in terms of phenotype but now 2 years ago, that number is 112
what are some possible signs of autism in babies aged 12 months?
no babbling, no use of gestures to communicate, no response to name when called
what are the five components of an IPP
- observation and assessment
- identification of strengths, needs and interests
- setting goals and objectives
- creation of an implementation plan
- evaluation
what is the purpose of ontario’s raising the bar initiative
to make sure that registered early childhood educators get additional training in order to promote standards in best practice
in the podcast with Laura Kirby-McIntosh, what are the various education placements that an IRPC committee can recommend?
- fully integrated with indirect support
- regular class with resource assistant
- regular class with withdrawal assistance
- partial integration
- full time special education class
- section 23 class (social skills)
in the podcast with Laura Kirby-McIntosh, how are classroom placements determined?
- supposed to be a joint decision between icrp and parent (in theory). in practice, icrp meetings can be as short as 5 minutes
in the podcast with Laura Kirby-McIntosh, how well are most teachers trained with respect to autism
- for a mainstream classroom teacher, there is no education in special education other then what you get in teachers college
- there is training available but it is optional
- additional basic qualifications - teachers can get to get other jobs
what are the co-teachers in an inclusion setting?
- team teaching
- one teaches, one supports
- alternative teaching
- parallel teaching
- station teaching
