Lesson 1, 2 Flashcards
in the Futures on the line video, How much time a week did parents report advocating for their children? what kind of implications did this have?
- 24 hours a week, 3 working days
- no time to exercise, socialize, sleep.
- social, mental and physical health consequences
in the Futures on the line video, what measures were found to improve parent health and well being?
parents with children in the Ontario autism program reported better mental and emotional health
in the Futures on the line video, what did the childhood budget model in 2019 propose and why did parents find it problematic? why were parents surprised when it was proposed by the newly elected PC government?
- the government said that they had 100 million dollars for children and families and then took it away
- surprised about the lack of transition plans for kids who are in full time or part time therapy with no warning or resources for school
- there would be a cap at $200,000 for any support without stating where income cutoff begins
- $55,000
in the Futures on the line video, what were the main recommendations to improve autism supports for children going forward?
- make the current program more efficient and have better oversight
- program needs more money
- increase supports in schools
in the “autism - see the potential” video from Michael McCreary, what does he mean when he calls autism a “spectrum disorder”
that each person with ASD will experieince varying degrees of difficulty
in the “autism - see the potential” video from Michael McCreary, describe some of the potential areas of difficulty autistic individuals may face and their impacts
- communication, social skills, behaviours
- receptive and expressive body language (don’t understand sarcasm/jokes, slow responses)
- eye contact, difficulty with friendships, difficulty understanding information and how to react
- more feelings of discomfort, anxiety, confusion
- chaotic environments, people talking/moving too quickly, unexpected changes, excessive worries about things that aren’t certain
- sensory processing differences
explain what is meant by self-stimulatory behaviour (stimming), and what function it serves
- coping mechanism
- repetitive behaviours
- flap, line things up, repeat words, carry familiar items, bounce legs etc
- very calming
in the “autism - see the potential” video from Michael McCreary, what are some ways neurotypical individuals can adjust their behaviours so as to address the potential anxiety they can cause for autistic individuals?
- ask one thing at a time
- remember they take things literally
- don’t demand or force eye contact
- recognize their need for routine
- take your cues from the individual
- embrace, don’t tolerate
what is the main role that autism ontario plays in supporting families and autistic individuals?
to help access meaningful supports, information and conncections across lifecourse
what are some of the adult services offered by autism ontario?
- transition to adulthood, life planning, advocacy
- post secondary education
- accessing a diagnostic assessment as an adult
- available funding scholarships
- mental health and addiction services
- housing support
- access to social, economic and learning opportunities
what is the distinction between awareness and acceptance
- awareness: something different, people fear this
- acceptance: allows you to see autism as an acceptable part of who humans are
what language should be used
- follow their lead, be flexible, ask their preference
- “on the autism spectrum”
- instead of “red flags” say “possible early signs of autism”
- instead of “challenging behaviours” say “interfering behaviours”
instead of: - symptom -> characteristic or trait
- deficit -> challenge
- intervention -> support
- severe -> extensive
- special needs -> needs
distinguish between person first language and identity first language, as well as how you can use the diagnosis neutrally when talking about autism
person first - person with autism
identity first - autistic person
what is the critique of functioning labels
- things change depending on the environment
- they are ableist - they don’t help the child, but continue stigma towards certain autistics, and faulty expectations towards others
what is the metaphor used to view degrees of challenge and strength on the spectrum
low functioning and high functioning
what is the percentage of canadian children vs american children receiving an autism diagnosis as of 2025?
2% or 1 in 50 in canada and 2.8% or 1 in 36 in america
who are the “two pioneers of autism”
Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger
what is echolalia
the repetition of verbal language in an echoic manner, looping words and phrases around in a recurring way
what is stereotypy
most commonly recognized stereotypies are motor stereotypies, which are “rhythmic movements that have a predictable pattern and location, seem purposeful but serve no obvious function, tend to be prolonged and can be suppressed” ex. rocking, flapping, nodding etc
what is child-onset schizophrenia
a rare and severe form of schizophrenia, defined by psychosis, or thoughts and beliefs that differ from reality, that appears before the age of 13
how did Bruno Bettelheim describe children with autism in 1959
- as “unable to relate themselves in the ordinary way to people and situations”
- he compared them to children raised in the wild, who had been subjected to toTal abandonment and extreme environmental deprivation
hoe did Bruno Bettelheim view the parents of autistic children
he say children with autism as victims of emotionally isolating, disengaged, rejecting parents whose “efforts to find their lost children have been more than lax”
what did Bruno Bettelheim compare autistic children to
kids in concentration camps
what does the family etiology hypothesis assume
in families of so-called ‘troubled children,’ parental ‘pain and strain’ namely in the mother, influenced their development and therefore acted as a pathological cause
who advocated for continuum of autism diagnoses
Lorna Wing
who is Lorna Wing and what did she do
- Psychiatrist, parent of child with ASD
- popularized the term aspergers syndrome
- widened the narrow definition by describing it as a spectrum of diagnoses and triad of characteristics
according to lorna wing, what are the 3 main characteristics of ASD
- deficits in social interactions
- difficulties with communication
- impairments in imagination (usually accompanied by repetitive and restrictive behaviour patterns)
who is Ole Ivar Lovaas and what did he develop
transformative pioneer of both applied behaviour analysis and challenging behaviour and interventions for children with ASD
- developed intensive behaviour intervention
what is the difference between how Kanner and Asperger perceived Autism
kanner: used very selective diagnostic criteria, attributed the cause of autism to cold parents, labelled as a type of ‘infantile psychosis’, and believe that autistic children were simply repeating things that their parents said as opposed to actually demonstrating exceptional abilities
asperger: lifelong disability with more than one cause, which needed compassionate support, emphasized adapting teaching methods to the needs of people with autism, saw autism as a continuum presenting a divers range of strengths and disability and viewed autism and autistic traits as common
according to Silberman, what created a “perfect storm of autism awareness?”
“rain man” the broadening of autisms diagnostic criteria, and new clinical tests to diagnose autism
what is the first diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder?
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, such as social-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal communication, and interpersonal relationships
what is the second diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder?
restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities,’ including motor movements, inflexibility, and sensory-based issues
stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech include…
echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases, flips or lines up objects, and simple motor stereotypes
what are some professionals who can make an autism diagnosis?
psychologists, psychiatrists, and doctors
what research finding indicates that genetics are not solely responsible for causing autism?
the concordance rate in identical twins is only 77% and not 100%
why is early diagnosis key
because it allows interventions to be made when the brain is still developing and can be impacted upon
what is level one autism
requiring support
what is level two autism
requiring substantial support
what is level three autism
requiring very substantial support
what is a social model of disability and how does it differ from the medical model?
the medical model views disability as an individual problem.
- the social model views disability as what occurs when the environment a person is in does not accommodate their individual characteristics; disability is not something a person has, but something that is being done to the person by the society around them
what areas should be included in a comprehensive assessment of the individual
- cognitive and academic
- speech, language and communication
- sensory and motor functioning, and motor sensitivities
- adaptive functioning
- behavioural and emotional functioning
- physical health and nutrition
