LESSON 6

Question 1

this is a viral disease that affects CNS inluding pig, this can be transmitted tru bites & scratches

Symptoms: aggresion, paralysis, foaming of mouth

Answer 1

Rabies

Question 2

this is a viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, spread tru direct contact w/ infected animals & contaminated materials & air

it caused blisters of the moith, feet & teats

Answer 2

FMD

Question 3

this affects nervous systmes caused by clostridium tetani tru wound, spores of bacteria found in soil & manure

caused muscle spasm & stiffness

Answer 3

Tetanus

Question 4

this affects horses, donkeys & mules. It spread tru direct contact, and is caused by Borkholderia mallei

Caused resp. problem, skin lesions, fever

Answer 4

Glanders

Question 5

this affects cattle & bufalo, spread to direct contact with animals & is caused by Pasteurella multocida

Fever, resp. problem & internal bleeding

Answer 5

Haemorrhagic septicemia

Question 6

this is a bacterial disease of pigs that affect joints, heart valve that lead to arthritis & endocarditis it’s caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in contact with ingestion or tru cuts in the skin

lameness, fever, skin lesion

Answer 6

Swine erysipelas

Question 7

is a bacterial disease primarily affect livestock but can also be transmitted to humans. It manifest as swollen & bloody discharge friom natural opening

caused: sudden death, fever, swelling

Answer 7

Anthrax

Question 8

this affects small & large ruminants, caused by Clostridium chauvoei that lives in soil and contact with wounds or ingestion

caused: sudden death, muscle swelling & gas production

Answer 8

Black leg

Question 9

is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs and is often fatal, it’s caused by Classical Swine Fever Virus that spread tru direct contact or tru contamination of material

caused: fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, blue discoloration of skin

Answer 9

Hog Cholera

Question 10

is an acute, a highly contagious bacterial disease of pigs. Caused by Pasteurella multocida, transmission is direct contact with infected animals

caused: restriction problems, fever, coughing hat may lead to pneumonia & death

Answer 10

Swine plague

Question 11

it affects pig, cattle & dogs caused by leptospira, symptoms are vomitting, diarrhea, jaundice

caused: fever, kidney problem & liver damage

Answer 11

leptospirosis

Question 12

Most drugs are withheld ________ before slaughter

Answer 12

15 days

Question 13

Feeds should not be given at least how many hours prior to travel?

Answer 13

12 hours

Question 14

this affects the bleeding process of the animals.

Answer 14

fasting

Question 15

It is common practice to water but not to feed livestock which are held in the slaughterhouse for less than ____ hours prior to slaughter

Answer 15

24 hours

Question 16

Fasted animals have complete bleeding process compared to non-fasted animals that result to

Answer 16

incomplete bleeding.

Question 17

Cattle should be slaughtered with ____ hours after being taken off feed at feedlot

Answer 17

48 hours

Question 18

while pig and sheep should fast no longer than ____ hrs

Answer 18

24 hours

Question 19

Until when should animals have full access to water prior to slaughter to prevent weight loss?

Answer 19

30 mins

Question 20

On longer journeys, it is recommended that animals be fed up to how many hours prior to loading onto the truck?

Answer 20

2 to 3

Question 21

When is food taken away from poultry before slaughtering?

Answer 21

Between 8 and 20 hours before slaughter

Question 22

are the most hazardous conditions duringtransport of livestock.

Answer 22

Heat and hot sunny weather or cold and rainy weather

Question 23

Pigs which have poorly developed sweat glands are highly susceptible to ?

Answer 23

heat stress

Question 24

Stress affects the quality of meat through the effects of ?.

Answer 24

muscle glycogen levels

Question 25

What happens to animals subjected to undue stress before slaughter?

Answer 25

Excessive amounts of ***adrenaline*** are released into the muscle system, stimulating glycolysis and depleting glycogen levels.

Question 26

How does fighting and transit 12 to 48 hours before slaughter affect meat quality?

Answer 26

deplete muscle glycogen, leading to higher pH in the meat, resulting in a darker color and drier texture.

Question 27

What is the effect of excitement or fighting immediately before slaughter?

Answer 27

It leads to the production of lactic acid from the breakdown of glycogen. ## Footnote Meat lower in pH, lighter in color, reduce water binding capacity and possibly tough.

Question 28

Thisperiod encompasses various stages, including transport, lairage (holding), and handling at the abattoir, each presenting potential for physical and psychological harm.

Answer 28

Trauma

Question 29

# a transport stressor Extended travel times, often in cramped and unfamiliar surroundings, cancausefatigue, dehydration, and anxiety

Answer 29

Long journeys

Question 30

# Trasnport stressor Inadequate training or improper techniques during loading and unloading canleadto injuries like bruises, broken bones, and internal bleeding.

Answer 30

Rough handling

Question 31

# Transport stressor Combining animals from different farms or herds can trigger aggression and fighting, resulting in injuries.

Answer 31

Mixed groups

Question 32

# Transport stressors Extreme temperatures, noise, and vibrations can add to the stress anddiscomfort of transport.

Answer 32

environmental factors

Question 33

# Lairage stressor Animals are often confined in unfamiliar pens, lacking the comfort of theirusual surroundings.

Answer 33

Unfamiliar Environment:

Question 34

# Lairage stressors Separation from familiar companions and mixing with unfamiliar animals canleadto stress and aggression

Answer 34

Social disruption

Question 35

# Lairage stressor Animals may be denied food and water for extended periods, furtherincreasing their stress levels.

Answer 35

. Food and Water Deprivation

Question 36

# Handling stressor Using excessive force, prods, or sticks to move animals can inflict pain and injury.

Answer 36

Rough handling

Question 37

# Handling stressors Animals may experience fear and anxiety due to unfamiliar handlers or perceived threat

Answer 37

Fear of Humans

Question 38

# Handling stressor Overcrowding in holding pens or during transport can cause stress, injury, and evendeath.

Answer 38

Crowding

Question 39

# Consequences of Trauma Bruises, broken bones, and internal bleeding can impact animal welfare andmeat quality.

Answer 39

Physical Injuries

Question 40

# consequence of trauma Elevated levels of stress hormones can negatively impact immune functionandmeat quality

Answer 40

Stress Response

Question 41

# Consequences of Trauma Prolonged stress and fear can lead to behavioral changes and reduced meat quality.

Answer 41

Fear and Anxiety

Question 42

# Consequences of Trauma : In extreme cases, stress and trauma can lead to death during transport or lairage.

Answer 42

Mortality

Question 43

# Minimizing Trauma Shorter journeys and fewer handling events minimize stress.

Answer 43

Reduce Transport Time

Question 44

Training handlers to use humane methods and avoid excessive force is crucial.

Answer 44

Proper Handling Techniques

Question 45

Providing spacious, well-ventilated pens with adequate food and water reducesstress.

Answer 45

. Comfortable Lairage

Question 47

Grouping animals from the same farm or herd minimizes aggression

Answer 47

Minimize Mixing

Question 48

Reducing noise, vibrations, and other stressors during transport and lairage

Answer 48

Calm Environmen